CANTERBURY HİKÂYELERİ'NİN AŞÇILARI: BURJUVA TOPLUMSAL DRAMASININ SAHNE ARKASI

Year 2016, Volume: 56 Issue: 2, 365 - 388, 01.01.2016

Oya Bayıltmış Öğütcü

Abstract

Toplumdaki yükselişlerine rağmen, yenice ortaya çıkmaya başlayan geç Ortaçağ İngiltere burjuvazisi sadece toplum hiyerarşisindeki yerlerini korumak için değil, aynı zamanda içinde yaşadıkları toplumdaki asil insanlar tarafından kabul görmek için de zenginliklerini sergilemeye ihtiyaç duymaktaydılar. Bu sebeple, Ortaçağ İngiliz burjuvazisinin toplumsal ve özel hayatları, Victor Turner'ın tanımladığı gibi, toplumsal drama alanları olarak ortaya çıktı, ki bu toplumsal dramada Chaucer'ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri'ndeki Toprak Sahibi ve Lonca Mensupları'nın aşçıları ile örneklendirildiği gibi, sahne arkası öğeler olarak aşçılar ve mutfaklar çok önemli idi. Bu yüzden, bu makale Chaucer'ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri'ndeki aşçı tasvirlerini incelemeyi ve aşçıların burjuva toplumsal dramasının sahne arkasındaki kişiler olarak sosyal değişimlere katkıda bulunmak için fonksiyonlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bu makale Ortaçağ burjuvazisinin, yemek kültürünü kullanarak toplumsal dramalarını devam ettirebilmeleri için aşçılarının vazgeçilmez olduğunu savunmaktadır.

Keywords

Chaucer, Canterbury Hikâyeleri, Aşçılar, Yemek Kültürü, Toplumsal Drama, Ortaçağ Burjuvazisi, Toprak Sahibi, Lonca Mensupları

THE COOKS OF THE CANTERBURY TALES: THE BACKSTAGE OF BOURGEOIS SOCIAL DRAMA

Abstract

Despite their rise in the social ladder, the newly emerging bourgeoisie of late medieval England needed to display their wealth not only to secure their place in the social hierarchy, but also to receive acceptance from noble people in their communities. Hence, the public and private lives of the medieval English bourgeoisie turned out to be arenas for social drama, as conceptualized by Victor Turner, in which their cooks and kitchens were important as backstage elements as exemplied by the cook of the Franklin and the Cook of the Guildsmen in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Therefore, this article aims at analysing Chaucer's depiction of the cooks in the Canterbury Tales, and to discuss their function in contributing to the social changes as gures at the backstage of bourgeois social drama. In line with this, this article argues that the cooks were indispensable for the medieval bourgeoisie to sustain their social drama through the use of food culture.

Keywords

Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Cooks, Food Culture, Social Drama, The Medieval Bourgeoisie, The Franklin, The Guildsmen

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