Peri Anne Prensese Aşık: Emma Donoghue'nun Yeniden Yazılmış Masallarındaki Lezbiyen Arzu

Year 2017, Volume: 57 Issue: 1, 383 - 406, 01.01.2017

Cemre Mimoza Bartu

Abstract

Önceleri sözlü edebiyata dâhil olup daha sonra yazılı edebiyatın parçası haline gelen masallar zaman içerisinde hem biçimsel hem de içeriksel değişimler geçirmişlerdir. Geçirdiği değişimlerle de kültürel aktarımda büyük rol oynayan bu tür her zaman gelişerek zamanına adapte olabilmiştir. Özellikle klasik Avrupa masalları ulusların kültürel, sosyal ve toplumsal cinsiyet özelliklerini yansıtan başlıca türlerden biri olmuştur. Mevcut ataerkil söylemden ötürü masallardaki kadın karakterler, kahraman olmalarına rağmen, erkek karakterlere göre ikincil olarak temsil edilmiş, erkek yazarların ve karakterlerin cinsiyetçi tutumlarına maruz kalmışlardır. Masallardaki ayrımcı duruşun farkına varan yirminci yüzyıl feminist kadın yazarları, geleneksel metinlerin cinsiyetçi ideolojilerini sorgulamak için bu metinlere yönelmişlerdir. Lezbiyen arzu, cinsel özgürlük ve kadının sesi konularına özel ilgi gösteren yirminci yüzyıl İrlandalı kadın yazar Emma Donoghue, Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins Cadıyı Öpmek: Eski Hikayeler Yeni Bedenlerde 1997 adlı eserinde çeşitli klasik masalları yeniden yazmıştır. Özellikle “Külkedisi”'nin yeniden yazımı olan “Tale of the Shoe” Ayakkabının Hikayesi ve “Rapunzel'in” yeniden yazımı olan “Tale of the Hair” Saçın Hikayesi hikayelerinde ataerkil ideolojiyi alt üst etmek için, kadın eylemliliğini parodi yoluyla çeşitli yönlerden göz önüne sermiştir. Masalların kalıplaşmış unsurlarını değiştiren yazar eserleri postmodern parodiyle okumakla kalmayıp, sorgulanmamış konuları da gün yüzüne çıkartarak saklı cinsiyetçi ve ayrımcı tutumu da düzeltmeye çalışmıştır. Bu şekilde, Donoghue alternatif 'sonsuza kadar mutlu yaşadılar' senaryolarını hayal ederek kadın karakterlere daha barışçıl ve eşitlikçi bir son durum sunmuştur.

Keywords

Masallar, Emma Donoghue, Lezbiyenlik, Postmodern Parodi, Yeniden Yazım

THE FAIRY GODMOTHER IS IN LOVE WITH THE PRINCESS: LESBIAN DESIRE IN THE REWRITTEN FAIRY TALES OF EMMA DONOGHUE

Abstract

Fairy tales once belonged to oral literature and later became part of the literary tradition, and the formal and thematic qualities have gone through various changes in time. By means of the changes it has gone through, the genre, which bears a great impact on cultural transmission, has always developed to adapt to its time. Especially, the classical European fairy tale is one of the major genres which reects the cultural, social and gender characteristics of the nations. Because of the prevalent patriarchal discourse, female characters, although they are generally the protagonists, female characters are represented as secondary to the male characters and they are exposed to the sexist attitude of both male writers and fairy tale heroes. Having seen the discriminatory aspects of the fairy tale genre, twentieth century women writers took interest in the traditional tales in order to subvert the sexist ideology. Giving specic importance to the issues of lesbian desire, liberation and voice of women, Emma Donoghue, a twentieth-century Irish woman writer, in her Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins 1997 rewrites various classical fairy tales. Specically in “The Tale of the Hair” and “The Tale of the Shoe” as the rewritten versions of “Rapunzel” and “Cinderella,” respectively she attempts to subvert the patriarchal ideology and to promote the female agency through parody in various aspects. By altering the entrenched elements of the fairy tales genre, she not only reads but also writes against the grain and by postmodern parody she sheds light upon the unquestioned issues with the aim of unearthing and restoring the hidden discriminative and sexist attitude. In doing this, Donoghue reimagines an alternative 'happily ever after' which offers a peaceful and egalitarian nal state for the female characters.

Keywords

Fairy Tales, Emma Donoghue, Lesbian, Postmodern Parody, Rewriting

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