JOHN BURNSIDE'IN EKOLOJİSONRASI DÜNYASI: GLISTER ROMANINDA KARANLIK YEŞİL DOĞA, KİRLİLİK VE ÇEVRESEL KEDER

Year 2019, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 41 - 69, 01.01.2019

Kerim Can Yazgünoğlu

Abstract

Bu makale, çevresel ve bedensel kirlenmeyi ve bu kirlenmenin bir İskoç kasabasında günlük yaşamın sosyal ve ahlaki yapılarına etkilerini odak noktasına alır; insanlar ve doğa arasındaki değişen ilişkiyi açıklayarak John Burnside'ın Glister 2008 adlı romanını karanlık ekolojinin bir romanı olarak inceler. İnsanların gezegendeki ekosistemleri değiştiren jeolojik bir güç olduğu yeni jeolojik çağ Antroposen'in gözlerimizin önüne serdiği garip değişimlerin izini sürerken bu makale, Timothy Morton ve Paul Kingsnorth'un ortaya çıkardıkları karanlık ekolojiler ve kirlilik ile ilgili günümüz insansonrası ekoeleştirel tartışmalar bağlamına Glister romanını koymaktadır. Burnside, yeşil ekolojinin reddine dayanan karanlık ekolojinin iki farklı versiyonunu aynı hizaya getirir; insan ve insan-dışı dünyanın birlikte varoluşu karanlık ve korkutucu olursa da insanların, insandan öte dünyayla temel olarak ağ gibi sarılı ve birbirine bağlı olduğu “karanlık yeşil” bir ekolojik vizyon ortaya koyar. Böylece bu çalışma, Burnside'ın çevrenin gerçek ve spektral olmasının yanı sıra hem yeşil hem de karanlık olduğu yeni bir doğa tanımı öne sürerek nasıl bir “ekolojisonrası” gerçekliği öngördüğünü göstermektedir. Öte yandan çalışma, romanın vurguladığı insan ve insan-dışı varlıklar arasındaki eşikteliğin ve radikal olarak birbirine bağlı olmanın altını çizerek “ekolojik ağ örgüsü” ile “yabansı yabancı” gibi Morton'ın kavramsal araçlarının tartışmasıyla Burnside'ın savını geliştirmektedir. Garip varoluşta diğer bedensel doğaların yanı sıra insanların başına gelen toksik beladan kaçışın imkansız olduğunu belirten Burnside, sadece insan kaybı için değil, insanın ekolojik gerçeklikten kopuşu için de ekolojik bir keder uyandırarak karanlık yeşil doğayı sorgulamasını derinleştirir.

Keywords

John Burnside, Glister, Ekolojisonrası, Karanlık Ekoloji, Karanlık Yeşil Ekoloji, Kirlilik, Ekolojik Keder

THE POSTECOLOGICAL WORLD OF JOHN BURNSIDE: DARK GREEN NATURE, POLLUTION, AND ECO-GRIEF IN GLISTER

Abstract

This article examines John Burnside's Glister 2008 as a novel of dark ecology, expounding the changing relationship between humans and nature, with a particular focus on the environmental and bodily contamination and its effects on social and moral structures of everyday life in a Scottish town. In charting the strange transformations of the Anthropocene, the new geological epoch where humans have become a geologic force changing planetary ecosystems, the article situates Glister with respect to today's posthuman ecocritical debates around toxicity and dark ecologies introduced by Timothy Morton and Paul Kingsnorth. Burnside aligns two versions of dark ecology predicated on the repudiation of green ecology, conjuring up a “dark green” ecological vision in which humans are fundamentally enmeshed in and interdependent with the more-than-human world, no matter how dark and horrifying this coexistence becomes. In doing so, it shows how Burnside anticipates a “postecological” reality by suggesting a new definition of nature in which the environment becomes both green and dark as well as real and spectral. The study develops this argument through a discussion of Morton's conceptual tools, such as “mesh” and “strange stranger,” highlighting the novel's emphasis on radical interconnection and liminality between human and extra-human entities. Pointing out that it is impossible to run away from the toxic predicament befalling humans alongside other bodily natures in this strange coexistence, Burnside intensifies his questioning of dark green nature, evoking an eco-grief not just for human loss, but for the human disenchantment of ecological reality.

Keywords

John Burnside, Glister, Postecology, Dark Ecology, Dark Green Nature, Pollution, Eco-grief

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