PASSAGES OF ECONOMIC MIGRANTS IN CARYL PHILLIPS’ THE FINAL PASSAGE AND TÜRKLER ALMANYA’DA BY BEKIR YILDIZ

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 2, 904 - 919, 28.12.2021

Abdullah Nejat Töngür Yıldıray Çevik

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2021.61.2.12

Abstract

Caryl Phillips’ The Final Passage (1985) is about the Caribbean characters from St.Kitts who immigrated to Britain in 1958 and Bekir Yıldız’s Türkler Almanya’da (1966) depicts the characters who went to Germany in the early 1960s in the first wave of the move of the Turkish guest workers. Although Phillips’ and Yıldız’s novels reflect the lives of individuals from two different cultures and two different countries who had totally different life styles, cuisine, traditions, rituals, flora, fauna, climate and history, there are many parallelisms between the novels. Because the patterns, dynamics, push and pull factors of immigration of people from all the Caribbean countries including St.Kitts and Nevis to Britain which began in the late 1940s and recruitment of guest workers from Turkey to (Federal) Germany which started in the early 1960s were based on economic reasons which turned these passages into a chain migration soon despite the hardships suffered in the host countries. So, the aim of this study is to make a textual and comparative analysis of the flow of the Caribbean people and Turkish people from the standpoint of the ‘economic immigration’ and show that the migration from developing to developed countries was physically, emotionally and mentally demanding, excruciating and challenging whether there was a colonial bond or not. The study concludes that in spite of the differences between the sending countries, living and working in another country for all the ‘economic migrants’ from different parts of the world required perseverance, endurance, flexibility and adaptive skills on the part of the guest workers and immigrants in addition to basic needs of work, shelter, food and respect.

Keywords

Caryl Phillips, The Final Passage, Bekir Yıldız, Türkler Almanyada, Immigrants, Guest Workers

CARYL PHILLIPS'İN THE FINAL PASSAGE VE BEKİR YILDIZ'IN TÜRKLER ALMANYA'DA ROMANLARINDA EKONOMİ GÖÇMENLERİNİN YOLCULUKLARI

Abstract

Caryl Phillips’in The Final Passage (1985) adlı romanı, 1958’de St.Kitts’den Britanya’ya göç eden Karayipli karakterleri anlatır ve Bekir Yıldız’ın Türkler Almanya’da (1966) romanı ise 1960’ların başlarında Almanya’ya yönelen ilk dalga Türk misafir işçi hareketliliğindeki karakterleri betimler. Phillips’in ve Yıldız’ın romanlarında tamamen farklı hayat tarzları, mutfakları, gelenekleri, adetleri, bitki örtüsü, hayvanları, iklimi ve tarihi olan iki farklı kültürden ve iki farklı ülkeden gelen bireyleri yansıtmalarına iki roman arasında pek çok paralellik bulunmaktadır. Çünkü hem 1940’ların sonlarında St.Kitts and Nevis dahil tüm Karayip adaları ülkelerinden Britanya’ya başlayan göçün hem de 1960’ların başında Türkiye’den (Federal) Almanya’ya başlayan misafir işçi istihdamının tarzları, dinamikleri ile itme ve çekme sebepleri göç edilen ülkelerde çekilen zorluklara rağmen kısa zamanda bu hareketliliği zincirleme göçe dönüştüren ekonomik sebeplere dayanmakta idi. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı ‘ekonomi göçü’ bakış açısıyla Karayiplilerin ve Türklerin hareketliliklerinin metinsel ve karşılaştırmalı analizini yapmak ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerden gelişmiş ülkelere göçün sömürgecilik bağı olsa da olmasa da fiziksel, duygusal ve zihinsel olarak çok zor, yıpratıcı ve yorucu olduğunu göstermektir. Gönderen ülkeler arasındaki farklılıklara rağmen, bir başka ülkede yaşamanın ve çalışmanın dünyanın farklı yerlerinden gelen ‘ekonomi göçmenlerinin’ çoğu için iş, barınak, yiyecek ve saygı temel ihtiyaçlarının yanı sıra azim, dayanıklılık, esneklik ve uyum becerilerini de gerektirdiği sonucuna varılır.

Keywords

Caryl Phillips, The Final Passage, Bekir Yıldız, Türkler Almanyada, Göçmenler, Misafir İşçiler

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