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FIDELITY TO IRISH IDENTITY: ALLEGORY OF THE OUTSIDER IN JULIA O'FAOLAIN'S “FIRST CONJUGATION” AND JOHN MONTAGUE'S “AN OCCASION OF SIN”

Year 2022, Volume: 62 Issue: 2, 1261 - 1281, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.19

Abstract

Julia O’Faolain’s “First Conjugation” and John Montague’s “An Occasion of Sin” are contemporary short stories that have received critical attention. The authors’ attempts to renovate stylistic qualities of short story writing and to experiment with thematic issues in Irish literary tradition are main sources of this attention. This article examines the impact of outsiders who suddenly appear in a contemporary Irish setting in both works. Traditionally, Irish writers of fiction have pointed out a sense of isolation and solitude dominating the mind of Irish characters, which results in a network of dark and gloomy social relationships. The intervention of outsiders, however, renders this critical analysis exceptional in that outsiders disrupt social formations resulting in an identity crisis. O’Faolain’s “First Conjugation” introduces outsider image in the form of an Italian instructor who challenges the worldview of a young Irish girl, an insider in this setting. Depicted from the perspective of the Irish protagonist, the story illustrates how easily outsider challenges Irish identity. On the other hand, Montague’s “An Occasion of Sin” narrates outsider’s experience among Irish characters. The conflict between outsiders and insiders illustrates the urgent need for a renewal of Irish perceptions. Both texts focus on the aftermath of the arrival of outsiders among insiders leading to a climactic point of collision. Accordingly, this article reviews the relationship between outsiders and insiders in the selected works and argues that both texts appoint outsider as an allegory of questioning. Furthermore, the article concludes that outsider is a means of self-questioning that faces traditional notion of Irish identity and that eventually a solution to this inner conflict appears once again in the form of traditional fidelity.

References

  • Amor Barros-del Rio, M. (2016). Power, Gender and the Nation: Negotiations of Belonging in Evelyn Conlon’s Short Story “Park-Going Days”. Estudios Irlandeses: Journal o Irish Studies, 11, 12-22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2016-6011.
  • Grubgeld, E. (1989). Topography, Memory and John Montague’s “The Rough Field”. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 14 (2), 25-36.
  • Halpen, A. (2016). The Novel and the Short Story in Ireland: Readership, Society and Fiction 1922-1965. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Liverpool: University of Liverpool.
  • Imhof, R. (1992). How It Is on the Fringes of Irish Fiction. Irish University Review, 22 (1), 151-167.
  • Kennedy-Andrews, E. (2006). John Montague: Global Regionalist? The Cambridge Quarterly, 35 (1), 31-48.
  • Maloy, K. (1998). ‘Out of The Shambles of Our History’: Irish Women and (Post)Colonial Identity. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Morgantown: West Virginia University.
  • Meyer, C. M. (1990). Redeeming Patterns of Experience: John Montague’s Text and Tradition 1949-1989. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Hamilton: McMaster University.
  • Montague, J. (1989). An Occasion of Sin, in W. Trevor, The Oxford Book of Irish Short Stories (482-494), Oxford: OUP.
  • O’Faolain, J. (1989). First Conjugation, in W. Trevor, The Oxford Book of Irish Short Stories (515-525), Oxford: OUP.
  • O’Faolain, J. (2000). The Man Who Stayed. The Irish Review, 26, 3-13.
  • Rooks-Hughes, L. (1996). The Family and the Female Body in the Novels of Edna O’Brien and Julia O’Faolain. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 22 (2), 83-97.
  • Toraiwa, N. (1993). Exile ans Subversion in Julia O’Faolain’s “No Country For Young Men”. The Harp, 8, 83-91.

İRLANDALI KİMLİĞİNE BAĞLILIK: JULIA O'FAOLAIN'İN “FIRST CONJUGATION” (“BİRİNCİ TEKİL ÇEKİM”) VE JOHN MONTAGUE'NÜN “AN OCCASION OF SIN” (“BİR GÜNAH VAKASI”) ÖYKÜLERİNDE YABANCI KİNAYESİ

Year 2022, Volume: 62 Issue: 2, 1261 - 1281, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.19

Abstract

Julia O’Faolain’in “First Conjugation” ile John Montague’nün “An Occasion of Sin” başlıklı öyküleri eleştirel açıdan dikkat çeken çağdaş eserlerdir. Yazarların öykü yazımı konusunda biçimsel yenilik getirme ve İrlanda edebiyatı geleneğindeki tematik konularda denemeler yapma çabaları bu ilginin temel kaynağını oluşturur. Bu makale, olayların geçtiği çağdaş İrlanda kurgusunda yabancıların etkisini incelemektedir. Geleneksel açıdan bakıldığında İrlandalı yazarlar, yarattıkları İrlandalı karakterlerin düşünceleri üzerinde hâkim olan soyutlanma ve yalnızlık duygusuna dikkat çeker. Böylece belirsizlik ve yalnızlık temalı sosyal ilişkilerle nitelenebilen bir durum ortaya çıkar. Fakat yabancıların araya girmesi bu çalışmadaki eleştirel incelemeyi farklı kılmaktadır, çünkü yabancılar kimlik bunalımına yol açarak sosyal düzeni karışıklığa sürüklemektedir. O’Faolain’in “First Conjugation” öyküsü üniversitede İtalyanca öğretmek için İrlanda’ya gelen İtalyanca öğretmeni aracılığıyla bir yabancıyı okuyucuya sunar. Bu yabancı, İrlandalı bir genç kızın dünya görüşünü bir anda sarsar. İrlandalı kahramanın bakış açısından anlatılan öykü İrlanda kimliğine ne kadar kolayca meydan okunduğunu ortaya koyar. Montague’nün “An Occasion of Sin” öyküsü İrlandalı karakterler arasında kalmış bir yabancının deneyimini anlatır. Yabancı ile İrlanda toplumu üyeleri arasındaki çatışma, yerel algıların kaçınılmaz biçimde yenilenmesi gerektiğini gösterir. Her iki öykü de yabancıların gelişi sonrasında, olay örgüsünün heyecanını doruğa ulaştıran bir çatışmaya odaklanır. Dolayısıyla, bu makale seçilen eserlerde yabancılar ile İrlanda’da yaşayan yerli karakterler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelerken her iki metinde olayların geçtiği sıradan İrlanda kurgusundaki tematik yapıya karşı yabancıların kinayeli bir sorgulama unsuru olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca makale, yabancıların geleneksel İrlandalı kimliğinin karşısına çıkan bir kendini sorgulama aracı olduğu ve sonunda bu iç çatışmaya yönelik çözümün bir kez daha geleneksel kimliğe bağlılık şeklinde ortaya çıktığı sonucuna ulaşmaktadır.

References

  • Amor Barros-del Rio, M. (2016). Power, Gender and the Nation: Negotiations of Belonging in Evelyn Conlon’s Short Story “Park-Going Days”. Estudios Irlandeses: Journal o Irish Studies, 11, 12-22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2016-6011.
  • Grubgeld, E. (1989). Topography, Memory and John Montague’s “The Rough Field”. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 14 (2), 25-36.
  • Halpen, A. (2016). The Novel and the Short Story in Ireland: Readership, Society and Fiction 1922-1965. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Liverpool: University of Liverpool.
  • Imhof, R. (1992). How It Is on the Fringes of Irish Fiction. Irish University Review, 22 (1), 151-167.
  • Kennedy-Andrews, E. (2006). John Montague: Global Regionalist? The Cambridge Quarterly, 35 (1), 31-48.
  • Maloy, K. (1998). ‘Out of The Shambles of Our History’: Irish Women and (Post)Colonial Identity. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Morgantown: West Virginia University.
  • Meyer, C. M. (1990). Redeeming Patterns of Experience: John Montague’s Text and Tradition 1949-1989. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Hamilton: McMaster University.
  • Montague, J. (1989). An Occasion of Sin, in W. Trevor, The Oxford Book of Irish Short Stories (482-494), Oxford: OUP.
  • O’Faolain, J. (1989). First Conjugation, in W. Trevor, The Oxford Book of Irish Short Stories (515-525), Oxford: OUP.
  • O’Faolain, J. (2000). The Man Who Stayed. The Irish Review, 26, 3-13.
  • Rooks-Hughes, L. (1996). The Family and the Female Body in the Novels of Edna O’Brien and Julia O’Faolain. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 22 (2), 83-97.
  • Toraiwa, N. (1993). Exile ans Subversion in Julia O’Faolain’s “No Country For Young Men”. The Harp, 8, 83-91.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Öğünç

Early Pub Date December 15, 2022
Publication Date December 20, 2022
Submission Date January 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 62 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öğünç, Ö. (2022). FIDELITY TO IRISH IDENTITY: ALLEGORY OF THE OUTSIDER IN JULIA O’FAOLAIN’S “FIRST CONJUGATION” AND JOHN MONTAGUE’S “AN OCCASION OF SIN”. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(2), 1261-1281. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.19

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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