Evaluation of Male Infertility

Abstract

Infertility is a condition that has psychological and social effects on couples. Around 50% of fertility problems originate in males. The causes of male infertility are highly variable, and many health conditions, congenital or acquired diseases can affect male fertility. While some causes are reversible, some of the causes are curable but not reversible. The main purpose of a male assessment is to identify correctable causes that may affect the fertility or health status of the patient. Correction of curable or reversible factors can improve both couples to have children and improve the general health of the man. Despite several research in this field, in many cases, the underlying causes are unknown. A proper infertility evaluation is essential to prevent complications associated with assisted reproductive techniques and testicular sperm extraction (TESE), and psychological problems that may result from failure, and to provide accurate preoperative information to patients. Initial evaluation for fertility should include a detailed physical examination along with his medical and reproductive history. Although sperm analysis is still a critical assessment in evaluating male infertility, the introduction of advanced diagnostic tests facilitates the determination of the etiology. This paper discusses the evaluation of male infertility in light of current guidelines.

Keywords

• Genetic evaluation
• hormonal evaluation
• male infertility
• semen analysis

Erkek İnfertilitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

İnfertilite çiftler üzerinde psikolojik ve sosyal olarak etkileri olan bir durumdur. Fertilite problemlerinin yaklaşık %50'si erkeklerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Erkek infertilitesinin nedenleri oldukça değişkendir ve birçok genel sağlık durumu, doğuştan gelen veya sonradan kazanılan hastalıklar erkek fertilitesini etkileyebilir. Bazı nedenler geri döndürülebilir iken, bazı nedenler tedavi edilebilirdir ancak geri döndürülebilir değildir. Erkek değerlendirmesinin temel amacı, hastanın fertilitesini veya sağlık durumunu etkileyebilecek düzeltilebilir nedenleri belirlemektir. Tedavi edilebilir veya geri döndürülebilir faktörlerin düzeltilmesi, hem çiftin çocuk sahibi olmasını sağlayabilir hem de erkeğin genel sağlık durumunu iyileştirebilir. Bu alandaki birçok araştırmaya rağmen, çoğu durumda altta yatan etiyoloji bilinmemektedir. Doğru bir infertilite değerlendirmesi, yardımcı üreme tekniklerine ve testiküler sperm ekstraksiyonuna (TESE) bağlı komplikasyonları ve başarısızlıktan kaynaklanabilecek psikolojik sorunları önlemek ve hastalara işlem öncesi doğru bilgi vermek için gereklidir. Fertilite için ilk değerlendirme, tıbbi ve reprodüktif öykü ile ayrıntılı bir fizik muayeneyi içermelidir. Sperm analizi erkek infertilitesinin değerlendirilmesinde halen önemli bir araç olmakla birlikte, ileri tanısal testlerin kullanılmaya başlanması etiyolojinin belirlenmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu makale, mevcut kılavuzlar ışığında erkek infertilitesinin değerlendirilmesini tartışmaktadır.

Keywords

• Genetik değerlendirme
• hormonal değerlendirme
• erkek infertilitesi
• semen analizi

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