Determination of Serum Interleukin-36 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Interleukin-17 Levels in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract

Aim: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of hematologic cancers characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid cells. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of interleukin-36 alpha (IL-36α), interleukin-36 beta (IL-36β), interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), which play an important role in the immune system, in NHL patients and whether these cytokines can serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NHL. Material and Methods: A total of 88 individuals, including 55 NHL patients diagnosed and followed up in the Department of Hematology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, and 33 healthy controls, were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from patients at the time of diagnosis and from individuals in the control group for hemogram and biochemistry tests and serum IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels. Patients were divided into three groups, complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), and progression according to interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) results. Results: Serum IL-36α (p<0.001), IL-36β (p=0.022), IL-36γ (p<0.001), and IL-17 (p<0.001) concentrations were statistically significantly higher in NHL patients compared to healthy controls. Although IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels were lower in patients with progression compared to the CR and PR groups, these differences were not statistically significant (p=0.065, p=0.186, p=0.151, and p=0.065, respectively). Conclusion: These cytokines may influence the etiopathogenesis and even the progression of NHL. However, since NHL constitutes a highly heterogeneous disease group, more extensive in-vivo and in-vitro studies are needed.

Keywords

• Interleukin
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Therapeutic Targets

Non-Hodgkin Lenfoma’lı Hastaların Serum İnterlökin-36 Alfa, Beta, Gamma ve İnterlökin-17 Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Non-Hodgkin lenfoma (NHL), lenfoid hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalmasıyla tanımlanan çeşitli bir hematolojik kanser grubudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NHL hastalarında immün sistemde önemli bir rol oynayan interlökin-36 alfa (IL-36α), interlökin-36 beta (IL-36β), interlökin-36 gama (IL-36γ) ve interlökin-17 (IL-17) serum konsantrasyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu sitokinlerin NHL için potansiyel biyobelirteçler veya tedavi hedefleri olarak hizmet edip edemeyeceğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hematoloji bölümünde tanı almış ve takip edilmiş 55 NHL hastası ve 33 sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 88 birey dahil edildi. Hastaların tanı anındaki ve kontrol grubundaki bireylerin hemogram ve biyokimya tetkikleri ile serum IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β ve IL-36γ düzeylerinin çalışılması için kan örnekleri alındı. Hastalar interim pozitron emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarlı tomografi (PET/BT) sonuçlarına göre komplet remisyon (CR), parsiyel remisyon (PR) ve progresyon olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Serum IL-36α (p<0,001), IL-36β (p=0,022), IL-36γ (p<0,001) ve IL-17 (p<0,001) konsantrasyonları NHL hastalarında sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. Progresyon gösteren hastalarda IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β ve IL-36γ düzeyleri CR ve PR gruplarına göre daha düşük olmasına rağmen bu farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (sırasıyla p=0,065; p=0,186; p=0,151 ve p=0,065). Sonuç: Bu sitokinler NHL’nin etyopatogenezi ve hatta progresyonu üzerinde etkili olabilir. Ancak, NHL oldukça heterojen bir hastalık grubunu oluşturduğundan, daha geniş kapsamlı in-vivo ve in-vitro çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• İnterlökin
• Non-Hodgkin Lenfoma
• Terapötik Hedefler

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