Sleep Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. ADHD; is a heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized by distraction, impulsivity, irritability and hyperactivity. Studies have shown that approximately 25-50% of children and adolescents with ADHD have sleep problems and have significantly more sleep problems than healthy controls. Studies in healthy children show that inadequate sleep causes attention and behavioral problems, impulsivity, and serious impairments in social and academic functioning. It was found that sleep problems were associated with increased risk for psychiatric problems. In ADHD patients, lifelong and personalized treatment strategies are needed for the treatment of sleep problems. Many patients with ADHD may present with primary sleep complaints, or many patients with sleep difficulties may present with ADHD complaints. Clinicians need interventions to manage both disorders. In this study, we focused on the most common sleep disorders in children with ADHD and their relation with media use and sleep as a popular subject were also investigated. It is aimed to present the most recent studies on the prevalence of sleep problems in children with ADHD, the relationship with the clinic and treatment strategies and to shed light on some possible research areas.

Keywords

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,media use,sleep disorders

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Uyku Sorunları

Öz

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), çocukluk çağının en sık görülen nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarındandır. DEHB; dikkat dağınıklığı, dürtüsellik, irritabilite ve hiperaktivite ile karakterize, heterojen, gelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Çalışmalar DEHB tanılı çocuk ve ergenlerin yaklaşık %25-50'sinin uyku problemlerine sahip olduğunu, sağlıklı kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla uyku problemleri yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Sağlıklı çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalar yetersiz uykunun dikkat ve davranışsal sorunlara, dürtüselliğe, sosyal ve akademik işlevsellikte ciddi bozulmalara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Uyku problemlerinin psikiyatrik problemler için artmış risk ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. DEHB hastalarında uyku sorunlarının tedavisinde hayat boyu uygulanabilir ve kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi stratejilerine ihtiyaç vardır. DEHB'si olan çoğu hasta birincil uyku şikâyetiyle başvurabilir veya uyku güçlüğü olan çoğu hasta da DEHB şikâyetleriyle karşımıza gelebilir. Klinisyenler her iki bozukluğun yönetimine yönelik müdahalelere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu çalışmada DEHB tanılı çocuklarda en sık görülen uyku bozukluklarına odaklanıldı ve popüler bir konu olarak medya kullanımı ve uyku ile ilişkisi de incelendi. DEHB'li çocuklardaki uyku problemlerinin yaygınlığı, klinikle ilişkisi ve tedavi stratejileri ile ilgili en güncel çalışmaların sunulması ve olası bazı araştırma alanlarına ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu,medya kullanımı,uyku bozuklukları

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