Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Year 2019, , 4 - 8, 30.04.2019

Öner Balbay

https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.559057

Abstract

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is widely used for acute respiratory failure in a variety of etiologies. The recommended specific conditions were the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, immunocompromized pneumonia, palliation, postoperative period, weaning and postextubation. Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are common causes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure is high in this disease group compared to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can be recommended in patients with mild even in moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome and not in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to insufficient evidence in patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, no recommendation can be given for routine use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Although some patients benefit from noninvasive mechanical ventilation, they should be used by a team experienced on noninvasive mechanical ventilation in pneumonia and early acute respiratory distress syndrome. A skilled team, proper place, patient and devices can optimize prognosis. There should be a particular attention to shock, multiorgan failure and change of consciousness. Patient selection should be made correctly, considering that mortality can be seen in case of delayed intubation.

Keywords

community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, non-invasive ventilation

Akut Hipoksemik Solunum Yetmezliğinde Noninvaziv Mekanik Ventilasyon

Abstract

Noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon akut solunum yetmezliğinin birçok nedenlerinden dolayı yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar arasında kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı alevlenmesi, kardiyojenik pulmoner ödem, de novo hipoksemik solunum yetmezliği, immün sistemi baskılanmış hastalar, göğüs travması, palyatif amaçlı, ameliyat sonrası bakım, weaning ve ekstübasyon sonrası alevlenme bulunmaktadır. Pnömoni ve akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu, akut hipoksemik solunum yetmezliğinin sık karşılaşılan nedenleridir. Noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon başarısızlığı bu hastalık grubunda, akut hiperkapnik solunum yetmezliğine göre yüksektir. Noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon orta-ağır akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu hastalarında değil yalnız hafif akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu olan hastalarda erken dönem tedavide önerilebilir. Pnömoni ve akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu hastalarında kanıtların yetersiz olmasından dolayı noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyonun rutin kullanımıyla ilgili öneri verilememektedir. Bazı hastalar noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyondan fayda görse de pnömoni ve erken dönem akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromunda noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon konusunda deneyimli bir ekip tarafından kullanılmalıdır. Yetenekli bir ekip, uygun yer, hasta ve cihazlar prognozu optimize edebilir. Özellikle şok, multiorgan yetmezliği ve bilinç değişikliği gibi durumlara dikkat edilmelidir. Entübasyonda gecikmeye bağlı mortalite görülebileceği göz önünde bulundurularak hasta seçimi doğru yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

toplum kökenli pnömoni, akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu, non-invaziv ventilasyon

References

• Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Burns KE, Muscedere J, Kutsogiannis J, Mehta S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting. CMAJ 2011;183(3):E195-214.
• Stefan MS, Shieh MS, Pekow PS, Rothberg MB, Steingrub JS, Lagu T, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute respiratory failure in the United States, 2001 to 2009: a national survey. J Hosp Med. 2013;8(2):76-82.
• Azevedo LC, Park M, Salluh JI, Rea-Neto A, Souza-Dantas VC, Varaschin P, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients requiring ventilatory support in Brazilian intensive care units: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):R63.
• Roberts CM, Stone RA, Buckingham RJ, Pursey NA, Lowe D. Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2011;66(1): 43-8.
• Simonds AK, Hare A. New modalities for non-invasive ventilation. Clin Med (lond). 2013;13(Suppl 6):s41-5.
• Galindo-Filho VC, Brandão DC, Ferreira Rde C, Menezes MJ, Almeida-Filho P, Parreira VF, et al. Noninvasive ventilation coupled with nebulization during asthma crises: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Care. 2013;58(2):241-9.
• Domenighetti G, Gayer R, Gentilini R. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in non-COPD patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe community-acquired pneumonia: acute effects and outcome. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(9):1226-32.
• Chawla R, Mansuriya J, Modi N, Pandey A, Juneja D, Chawla A, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure and intensive care unit mortality in clinical practice. J Crit Care. 2016;31(1):26-30.
• Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, Block G. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287(24):3238-44.
• Ornico SR, Lobo SM, Sanches HS, Deberaldini M, Tófoli LT, Vidal AM, et al. Noninvasive ventilation immediately after extubation improves weaning outcome after acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):R39.
• Nava S. Behind a mask: tricks, pitfalls and prejudices for noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care. 2013;58(8):1367-76.
• Restrepo MI, Anzueto A. Severe community acquired pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23(3):503-20.
• Ferrer M, Cosentini R, Nava S. The use of non-invasive ventilation during acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia. Eur J Inter Med. 2012;23(5):420-8.
• Plant PK, Owen J, Elliott MW. One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbation of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration. Thorax. 2000;55(7):550-4.
• Jeffrey AA, Warren PM, Flenley DC. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease: risk factors and use of guidelines for management. Thorax. 1992;47(1):34-40.
• Brochard L, Isabey D, Piquet J, Amaro P, Mancebo J, Messaidi AA, et al. Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(22):1523-30.
• Nava S, Navalesi P, Conti G. Time of non-invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(3):361-70.
• Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G, Porta RD, Tolley EA, Umberto Meduri G. Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(5 Pt 1):1585-91.
• Jolliet P, Abajo B, Pasquina P, Chevrolet JC. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(5):812-21.
• Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Leon M, Gonzalez G, Alarcon A, Torres A. Noninvasive ventilation in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168(12):1438-44.
• L’Her E, Deye N, Lellouche F, Taille S, Demoule A, Fraticelli A, et al. Physiologic effects of noninvasive ventilation during acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(9):1112-8.
• Frat JP, Brugiere B, Ragot S, Chatellier D, Veinstein A, Goudet V, et al. Sequential application of oxygen therapy via high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: an observational pilot study. Respir Care. 2015;60(2):170-8.
• Esquinas Rodriguez AM, Papadakos PJ, Carron M, Cosentini R, Chiumello D. Clinical review: Helmet and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):223.
• Zhan Q, Sun B, Liang L, et al. Early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute lung injury: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(2):455-60.
• Brochard L, Lefebvre JC, Cordioli RL, Akoumianaki E, Richard JC. Noninvasive ventilation for patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;35(4):492-500.
• Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F, Valentino R, Gbikpi-Benissan G, Dupon M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(7):481-7.
• Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improve outcome in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? A systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(12):2516-23.
• Xu XP, Zhang XC, Hu SL, Xu JY, Xie JF, Liu SQ, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic nonhypercapnic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(7):e727-33.
• David-João PG, Guedes MH, Réa-Neto Á, Chaiben VBO, Baena CP. Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care. 2019;49:84-91.
• Wysocki M, Tric L, Wolff MA, Millet H, Herman B. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. A randomized comparison with conventional therapy. Chest. 1995;107(3):761-8.
• Hess DR. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2013;58(6):950-72.
• Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW, Hess D, Hill NS, Nava S, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(2):1602426.
• Dysart K, Miller TL, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Research in high flow therapy: mechanisms of action. Respir Med. 2009;103(10):1400-5.
• Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2185-96.
• Cheung TM, Yam LY, So LK, Lau AC, Poon E, Kong BM, et al. Effectiveness of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Chest. 2004;126(3):845-50.
• Masclans JR, Perez M, Almirall J, Lorente L, Marqués A, Socias L, et al. Early non-invasive ventilation treatment for severe influenza pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(3):249-56.
• Belenguer-Muncharaz A, Reig-Valero R, Altaba-Tena S, Casero-Roig P, Ferrándiz-Sellés A. Utilizacion de la ventilacion mecanica no invasiva en neumonia grave por virus H1N1 [Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in severe pneumonia due to H1N1 virus]. Med Intensiva. 2011;35(8):470-7.
• Nicolini A, Cilloniz C, Piroddi IM, Faverio P. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to community-acquired pneumonia: A concise review and update. Community Acquir Infect. 2015;2(2):46-50.
• Antonelli M, Conti G, Moro ML, Esquinas A, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Confalonieri M, et al. Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a multi-center study. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(11):1718-28.
• Cabrini L, Landoni G, Oriani A, Plumari VP, Nobile L, Greco M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation and survival in acute care settings: a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(4):880-8.