Working Principle and Production Techniques of the Immunochromatographic Card Tests

Abstract

The lateral flow immunoassays have low cost, long shelf life, high precision and selectivity, alow detection limit. These tests can give quick results and are used all over the world. Lateralflow immunoassays can be used in wide area such as pregnancy test, drug screening tests,microbiological diagnostic tests and food safety tests. A person can see the results of these testsclearly with eyes so there is no need for any other analysis machine in order to see the results.These tests are usually used as a qualitative method but if we add most test lines that havedifferent detection limits at the same test, we can obtain half quantitative tests. Antigen-antibodyreactions that have a specificity are used mainly at these tests so their accuracy rates are over%98. There are two types as sandwich model and competitive model.A person that read this article can answer questions that “how a pregnancy test works?” or “howcan we make a new lateral flow immunoassay?”. In addition we hope that this article can helppeople who try to do new lateral flow immunoassays. For our researches, this article is the firstarticle about card tests in Turkish

Keywords

• Lateral flow immunoassay,development of analytic test,working principle of test

İMMÜNOKROMATOGRAFİK KART TESTLERİN ÇALIŞMA PRENSİBİ VE ÜRETİM TEKNİKLER

Abstract

İmmünokromatografik kart testler düşük maliyetli, uzun raf ömürlü, yüksek duyarlılık veseçiciliğe sahip, düşük dedeksiyon limiti taşıyan, hızlı sonuç verebilen ve tüm dünyada yaygınolarak kullanılan testlerdir. Sıklıkla gebelik testi amaçlı kullanılmakla birlikte gıda güvenliği,uyuşturucu tarama testleri, mikrobiyolojik tanı testleri gibi oldukça geniş alanlarda da kullanımısöz konusudur. Testte kullanılan nanopartiküller sayesinde analiz sonucu gözle görülebildiğindençoğu zaman ek bir cihaza gerek duyulmamaktadır. Bu testler sıklıkla kalitatif bir yöntem olarakkullanılır. Ancak aynı teste farklı dedeksiyon limitlerine sahip birden fazla test bölgesi eklenerekyarı kantitatif testler olarak da kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu testlerde esas olarak yüksek seçiciliğesahip antijen-antikor reaksiyonu kullanıldığından, doğruluk oranları genel olarak %98’inüzerinde olmaktadır. Sandviç ve yarışmalı model olmak üzere 2 farklı tipi bulunur. Bu derlemeyle, “gebelik testi nasıl çalışır?” veya “yeni bir kart test nasıl üretilir?” gibi sorularacevap bulunmasının yanı sıra, yeni bir immünokromatografik kart test üretmek isteyenler içinyol gösterici olmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kendi konusunda Türkçe olarak yazılmış ilkderleme olduğu düşünülmektedir

Keywords

• İmmünokromatografik kart test,analiz testi geliştirme,test çalışmaprensibi

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