Potential Immunological Treatments in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seemed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection in human was named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has now infected more than 69 million people worldwide, becoming an epidemic responsible for more than 1,5 million deaths until 10th of December 2020. The epidemic still continues. This epidemic is the third epidemic caused by coronaviruses in the 21st century and may be the most important infectious disease representing a major public health threat to the whole world. Treatments against COVID-19 are constantly updated in the literature, based on evidence. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, and a number of drugs for use in severe cases of COVID-19 are now being studied in a number of nonrandomized or randomized trials. These include chloroquine, steroids, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. Immunological treatments such as convalescent plasma, intravenous immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab, eculizumab, itolizumab etc.), and anakinra treatments are tried in COVID-19 disease. Results from some trials look promising. Quite a few reports have also stood published so far on the use of immunological treatments for COVID-19 cases. In this review, we will discuss the key immunological treatments, mostly mentioned in the current literature, used in COVID-19 patients in detail.

Keywords

• anakinra
• bamlanivimab
• COVID-19
• convalescent plasma
• eculizumab
• intravenous immunoglobulin
• itolizumab
• monoclonal antibodies
• sarilumab
• siltuximab
• tocilizumab
• svilobelimab

COVID-19 Hastalarında Potansiyel İmmünolojik Tedaviler

Abstract

Şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde görüldü. İnsanlarda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) olarak adlandırıldı. Şu anda dünya çapında 69 milyondan fazla insanı enfekte etti ve 10 Aralık 2020'ye kadar 1,5 milyondan fazla ölümden sorumlu bir salgın haline geldi. Salgın hala devam ediyor. Bu salgın, 21. yüzyılda koronavirüslerin neden olduğu üçüncü salgındır ve tüm dünya için önemli bir halk sağlığı tehdidini temsil eden en önemli bulaşıcı hastalık olabilir. COVID-19'a karşı tedaviler, kanıta dayalı olarak literatürde sürekli olarak güncellenmektedir. Ne yazık ki, COVID-19 için kesin bir tedavi yoktur ve şiddetli COVID-19 vakalarında kullanılmak üzere bir dizi ilaç şu anda bir dizi randomize olmayan veya randomize çalışmada incelenmektedir. Bunlar arasında klorokin, steroidler, anti-enflamatuar ve antiviral ajanlar bulunmaktadır. COVID-19 hastalığında konvalesan plazma, intravenöz immünoglobulin, monoklonal antikorlar (tocilizumab, eculizumab, itolizumab vb.) ve anakinra tedavileri gibi immünolojik tedaviler denenmektedir. Bazı çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar umut verici görünmektedir. COVID-19 vakalarında immünolojik tedavilerin kullanımı hakkında şimdiye kadar çok az sayıda rapor yayınlandı. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 hastalarında kullanılan ve çoğunlukla güncel literatürde bahsedilen temel immünolojik tedaviler ayrıntılı olarak tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

• anakinra
• bamlanivimab
• COVID-19
• konvalesan plazma
• eculizumab
• intravenöz immünoglobulin
• itolizumab
• monoklonal antikorlar
• sarilumab
• siltuximab
• tocilizumab
• svilobelimab

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