A Review of the Progress of COVID-19 Vaccine Development

Abstract

A coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) is still a global problem with not sufficient evidence of a declining pattern caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is generally accepted that normal life is impeded by securing a reliable vaccine strategy. Many countries have accelerated the process of clinical trials to create effective treatment with COVID-19. More than 200 candidate vaccines have been started for SARS-CoV-2 testing. This review attempts to provide an overview of the currently emerging COVID-19 vaccine types, address the theoretical and practical challenges of vaccines for COVID-19 and discuss possible strategies to help vaccine design succeed. The first move was to take out papers using the initial keyword “pandemics, vaccines and vaccine types”. A total of 63,538 results (including 1,200 journals; 16,875 books; and 12,871 web pages), with the initial keyword, searched for in the Scopus database. Further improvements were searched on keywords such as "pandemic and vaccine types" (711 newspapers and 5,053 webpages). This review attempts to overview the historical and important basic information about the pandemics viz. history, virological characteristics, structure, origin and physio-chemical properties. The second phase includes the vaccination types and strategies in depth. It includes the diagnosis, virology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 vaccines. The development, planning strategies, types, cost and current scenarios of COVID-19 vaccines are depicted in detail. The pandemic COVID-19 as it continues, is a global problem. Vaccination seems to be an efficient and economical way to mitigate and control the epidemic. This requires a mass production of successful COVID-19 vaccines.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV
• COVID-19
• vaccines
• vaccine types
• assessments and implications

COVID-19 Aşısı Geliştirme Süreci Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Koronavirüs hastalığı (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemisi, şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)’nin neden olduğu ve henüz hastalığın olumsuz etkilerinin azalmasına yönelik yeterli kanıtın bulunmadığı küresel bir sorundur. Güvenilir bir aşı stratejisinin geliştirilmesiyle normal yaşama dönüleceğine dair genel bir fikir birliği oluşmuştur. Birçok ülke, COVID-19’a karşı etkin tedavi geliştirmek için klinik araştırma sürecini hızlandırmıştır. SARS-CoV-2 için 200'den fazla aday aşı test edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, güncel COVID-19 aşı türleri genel olarak gözden geçirilecek, COVID-19 aşılarının teorik ve pratik zorlukları incelenecek ve aşı tasarımının başarılı olmasına yardımcı olacak olası stratejiler tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, anahtar kelimeler olarak “pandemiler, aşılar ve aşı türleri” kullanılarak literatürde yer alan makaleler incelenmiştir. Scopus veritabanında başlangıç anahtar kelimeleri ile toplam 63.538 sonuç (1.200 dergi, 16.875 kitap ve 12.871 web sayfası) incelenmiştir. Daha sonra "pandemi ve aşı türleri" gibi anahtar kelimeler ile daha ayrıntılı arama yapılmıştır (711 gazete ve 5.053 web sayfası). Bu çalışmada ayrıca, pandemilerle ilgili tarihsel arka plan, virolojik özellikleri, yapısı, kökeni ve fizyo-kimyasal özellikleri de incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, aşılama türleri ve stratejileri derinlemesine araştırılmıştır. Bu bölümde, SARS-CoV-2 ve SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 aşılarının teşhisi, virolojisi ve patogenezi üzerinde durulmuştur. COVID-19 aşılarının geliştirilmesi, planlama stratejileri, türleri, maliyeti ve güncel senaryoları ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisi var olduğu sürece küresel bir sorun olmaya devam edecektir. Aşılama, bu salgını hafifletmek ve kontrol altına almak için etkili ve ekonomik bir yol olarak görünmektedir. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için, etkin COVID-19 aşılarının seri üretimi en başarılı yol olacaktır.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV
• COVID-19
• aşılar
• aşı tipleri
• değerlendirme ve çıkarımlar

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