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Musculoskeletal Problems in Diabetic Patients

Year 2016, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 30 - 34, 01.03.2016

Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz

https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010069

Abstract

Diabetes is a disease which can cause permanent damage to organs ans systems such as the eye,the kidneys and the heart. Some rheumatologic conditions are seen more frequently in diabeticpatients and adversely affect their quality of life. Diabetic cheiroartropathy, carpal tunnelsyndrome, Dupuytren contracture and Charcot arthropathy are some of these. Most of theserheumotologic conditions are shown to be controlled with a good glycemic control. Howeversurgery is needed in some cases. The duties of the physicians are; to identify these problemswhich adversely affect the life of the patient and lead the patient to correct therapeutic option

Keywords

Diabetes Charcot osteoarthropathy Dupuytren contracture adhesive capsulitis flexor tenosynovitis

References

  • Rosenbloom AL, Silverstein JH. Connective tissue and joint disease in diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1996; 25(2):473-483.
  • Peterson Kim R, Edelman SV, Kim DD. Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Diabetes. 2001; 19(3):132-135.
  • Starkman HS, Gleason RE, Rand LI, Miller DE, Soeldner JS Limited joint mobility (LJM) of the hand in patients with diabetes mellitus: relation to chronic complications. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986; 45(2):130-135.
  • Arkkila PE, Kantola IM, Viikari JS, Ronnemaa T, Vahatalo MA Limited joint mobility is associated with the presence but does not predict the development of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 1996; 13(9):828-833.
  • Silva MBG, Skare TL. Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Rev. Bras. Reumatol. 2012; 52(4):601-609.
  • Serban AL, Udrea GF. Rheumatic manifestations in diabetic patients. J Med Life 2012; 15(3):252-7.
  • Ismail A A, Dasgupta B, Tanqueray AB, Hamblin JJ. Ultrasonographic features of diabetic cheiroarthropathy. Br J Rheumatol.1996; 35(7):676-679.
  • Salmela PI, Oikarinen A, Pirttiaho H, Knip M, Niemi M, Ryhänen L. Increased non-enzymatic glycosylation and reduced solubility of skin collagen in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Research 1989; 11(3):115-120.
  • Vishwanath V, Frank KE, Elmets CA, Dauchot PJ, Monnier VM. Glycation of skin collagen in type I diabetes mellitus: correlation with long-term complications. Diabetes 1986; 35(8):916-921.
  • Chang K, Uitto J, Rowald EA Grant GA, Kilo C, Williamson JR. Increased collagen cross-linkages in experimental diabetes: reversal by beta-aminoproprionitrite and D penicillamine. Diabetes 1980; 29(10):778-781.
  • Buckingham B, Perejda AJ, Sandborg C, Kershnar AK, Uitto J. Skin, joint, and pulmonary changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1986; 140(5): 420-423.
  • Mathiassen B, Nielsen S, Johansen JS, et al. Long-term bone loss in İnsulin-dependent diabetic patients with microvascular complications. J Diabetes Complications. 1990; 4(4):145-149.
  • Aljahlan M, Lee KC, Toth E. Limited joint mobility in diabetes. Diabetic cheiroarthropathy may be a clue to more serious complications. Postgrad Med. 1999; 105(2):99-101, 105-106.
  • Rosenbloom AL, Silverstein JH, Lezotte DC, Richardson K, McCallum M. Limited joint mobility in childhood diabetes mellitus indicates increased risk for microvascular disease. N Engl JMed. 1981; 305(4):191-194.
  • Al-Homood IA. Rheumatic conditions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Rheumatol. 2013 May; 32(5):527-33.
  • Carson J, Clarke C (1993) Dupuytren's contracture in pensioners at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 27(1):25-27.
  • Ardic F, Soyupek F, Kahraman Y, Yorgancioglu R. The musculoskeletal complications seen in type II diabetics: predominance of hand involvement. Clin Rheumatol. 2003; 22(3):229-233.
  • Cagliero E, Apruzzese W, Perlmutter GS, Nathan DM. Musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and shoulder in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Med.2002; 112(6):487-490.
  • Childs SG. Dupuytren's disease. Orthopaedic nursing.2005; 24(2):160-164.
  • Bazin S, Le Lous M, Duance VC, Sims TJ, Bailey AJ, Gabbiani G, et al Biochemistry and histology of the connective tissue of Dupuytren's disease lesions. Eur J Clin Invest. 1980; 10(1):9-16.
  • Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Gabbiani G, Bazin S, LeLous M. Collagen of Dupuytren's disease. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1977; 53(5):499- 502.
  • Hurst LC, Badalamente MA, Hentz VR, Hotchkiss RN, Kaplan FT, Meals RA, et al; CORD I Study Group. Injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Dupuytren's contracture. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(10):968-79.
  • Leden I, Schersten B, Svensson B, Svensson M . Locomotor system disorders in diabetes mellitus. Increased prevalence of palmar flexortenosynovitis. Scand J Rheumatol 1983; 12(3):260-262.
  • Blyth MJ, Ross DJ. Diabetes and trigger finger J Hand Surg Br 1996; 21(2):244-245.
  • Ramchurn N, Mashamba C, Leitch E, Arutchelvam V, Narayanan K, Weaver J, et al. Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and poor metabolic control in diabetes. Eur J Intern Med. 2009; 20(7):718-21.
  • Kameyama M, Chen KR, Mukai K, Shimada A, Atsumi Y, Yanagimoto S. Histopathological characteristics of stenosing flexor tenosynovitis in diabetic patients and possible associations with diabetes-related variables. J Hand Surg Am. 2013; 38(7):1331-9.
  • Ryzewicz M, Wolf JM. Trigger digits: principle management, and complications. J Hand Surg Am. 2006; 31(1):135-146.
  • Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, aRosen I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 1999; 282(2):153-158.
  • Perkins BA, Olaleye D, Bril V. Carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(3):565-569.
  • Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW. Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005; 10(2):144-157.
  • Ahn DS. Hand elevation: a new test for carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2001; 46(2):120-4.
  • Ibrahim I, Khan WS, Goddard N, Smitham P. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of the recent literature. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:69-76. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010069
  • Owens H. Frozen shoulder. In: Donatelli R, Orthopedic physical therapy, 1996, New York, Churchill Livingston, 257- 277.
  • Lebiedz-Odrobina D, Kay J. Rheumatic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010; 36(4):681-699.
  • Tighe CB, Oakley WS Jr. The prevalence of a diabetic condition and adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. South Med J 2008; 101(6):591-595.
  • Griggs SM, Ahn A, Green A. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000; 2(10):1398-1407.
  • Crispin JC, Alcocer-Varela J .Rheumatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 2003; 114(9):753-757.
  • Hsu JE, Anakwenze OA, Warrender WJ, Abboud JA. Current review of adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011; 20(3):502-514.
  • Arkkila PE, Kantola IM, Viikari JS & Ronnemaa T. Shoulder capsulitis in type I and II diabetic patients: association with diabetic complications and related diseases. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1996; 55:907(12)-914.
  • Balci N, Balci MK & Tuzuner S. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis and shoulder range of motion in type II diabetes mellitus: association with diabetic complications. Journal of Diabetes Complications. 1999; 13(3):135-140.
  • Larkin ME, Barnie A, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Diminick L, Harth J, et al; and the Diabetes Control and Complications/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(7):1863-1869 Group. Musculoskeletal
  • Manske RC, Prohaska D.Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008; 1(3- 4):180-189.
  • Forgacs S. Diabetes mellitus and rheumatic diseases. Clinical Rheumatic Disease 1986; 12(3):729-753.
  • Kiss C, Szilagyi M, Paksy A et al. Risk factors for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a case-control study. Rheumatology 2002; 41(1):27-30.
  • Julkunen H, Heinonen OP & Pyo¨ra¨la¨ K. Hyperostosis of the spine in an adult population; its relationship to hyperglycemia and obesity. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1971; 30(6):605-612.
  • Vezyroglou G, Mitropoulos A, Kyriazis N, Antoniadis C. A metabolic syndrome in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. A controlled study. J Rheumatol. 1996; 23(4):672-676.
  • Arkkila PE, Gautier JF. Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetes mellitus: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003; 17(6):945-70.
  • Littlejohn GO. Insulin and new bone formation in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clin Rheumatol. 1985; 4(3):294-300.
  • Denko CW, Boja B, Moskowitz RW. Growth promoting peptides in osteoarthrosis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis-insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, growth hormone. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21(9):1725-1730.
  • Resnick D, Niwayama G. Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders, 1988, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1563-1615.
  • Forga´cs SS. Endocrine and hemoglobin-related arthropathies and storage diseases. Diabetes mellitus. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe PA, eds. Rheumatology. 2nd ed. London, United Kingdom: Mosby; 1998:1-6.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. Pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. Radiolo. 1981; 139(2):349-354.
  • Wang A, Weinstein D, Greenfield L, Chiu L, Chambers R, Stewart C et al. MRI and diabetic foot infections. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990; 8(6):805-9.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. The neuropathic joint: a neurovascular bone disorder. Radiology Clinics of North America. 1981; 19(4):571-580.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. Pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. Radiolo. 1981; 139(2):349-354.
  • Rogers LC, Frykberg RG, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Edmonds M, Van GH, et al. The Charcot foot in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(9):2123-9.
  • Boddenberg U. Healing time of foot and ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus: literature review and report on own cases. Zentralbl Chir 2004; 129(6):453-459.
  • Richard JL, Almasri M, Schuldiner S. Treatment of acute Charcot foot with bisphosphonates: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetologia 2012; 55(5):1258-1264.
  • Trujillo-Santos AJ. Diabetic muscle infarction: an underdiagnosed complication of long-standing diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(1):211-215.
  • Bruehl S, Chung OY. Complex regional pain syndrome. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Edited by Amnoff MJ, Daroff RB. 2003, San Diego, Academic Press, 749-54.
  • Marshall AT, Crisp AJ. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000; 39(7):692-5.
  • Bussa M, Guttilla D, Lucia M, Mascaro A, Rinaldi S. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: a comprehensive review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 ;59(6):685-97
  • Hsu ES. Practical management of complex regional pain syndrome. Am J Ther. 2009 ;16(2):147-54
  • Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Koes BW, Hazes JM, Pols HA. Do metabolic factors add to the effect of overweight on hand osteoarthritis? The Rotterdam Study. Ann RheumDis 2007; 66(7):916-920.

DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI

Year 2016, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 30 - 34, 01.03.2016

Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz

https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010069

Abstract

Diyabet; göz, böbrek ve kalp gibi organ ve sistemlere kalıcı hasar verebilen bir hastalıktır. Bazıromatolojik durumlar diyabet hastalarında daha sık görülmekte ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuzetkilemektedirler. Diyabetik keiroartropati, karpal tünel sendromu, Dupuytren kontraktürü veCharcot artropatisi bunlardan bazılarıdır. Bu romatolojik sorunların büyük bir kısmının glisemikkontrolün sağlanmasıyla durdurulabildiği gösterilmiştir. Bazı durumlarda ise cerrahi müdahalegerekir. Hekimlerin görevi; hastanın yaşamını olumsuz etkileyen bu sorunları tanıyabilmek vehastayı doğru tedavi seçeneğine yönlendirmektir

Keywords

Diyabet Charcot osteoartropatisi Dupuytren kontraktürü adeziv kapsülit fleksör tenosinoviti

References

  • Rosenbloom AL, Silverstein JH. Connective tissue and joint disease in diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1996; 25(2):473-483.
  • Peterson Kim R, Edelman SV, Kim DD. Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Diabetes. 2001; 19(3):132-135.
  • Starkman HS, Gleason RE, Rand LI, Miller DE, Soeldner JS Limited joint mobility (LJM) of the hand in patients with diabetes mellitus: relation to chronic complications. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986; 45(2):130-135.
  • Arkkila PE, Kantola IM, Viikari JS, Ronnemaa T, Vahatalo MA Limited joint mobility is associated with the presence but does not predict the development of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 1996; 13(9):828-833.
  • Silva MBG, Skare TL. Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Rev. Bras. Reumatol. 2012; 52(4):601-609.
  • Serban AL, Udrea GF. Rheumatic manifestations in diabetic patients. J Med Life 2012; 15(3):252-7.
  • Ismail A A, Dasgupta B, Tanqueray AB, Hamblin JJ. Ultrasonographic features of diabetic cheiroarthropathy. Br J Rheumatol.1996; 35(7):676-679.
  • Salmela PI, Oikarinen A, Pirttiaho H, Knip M, Niemi M, Ryhänen L. Increased non-enzymatic glycosylation and reduced solubility of skin collagen in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Research 1989; 11(3):115-120.
  • Vishwanath V, Frank KE, Elmets CA, Dauchot PJ, Monnier VM. Glycation of skin collagen in type I diabetes mellitus: correlation with long-term complications. Diabetes 1986; 35(8):916-921.
  • Chang K, Uitto J, Rowald EA Grant GA, Kilo C, Williamson JR. Increased collagen cross-linkages in experimental diabetes: reversal by beta-aminoproprionitrite and D penicillamine. Diabetes 1980; 29(10):778-781.
  • Buckingham B, Perejda AJ, Sandborg C, Kershnar AK, Uitto J. Skin, joint, and pulmonary changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1986; 140(5): 420-423.
  • Mathiassen B, Nielsen S, Johansen JS, et al. Long-term bone loss in İnsulin-dependent diabetic patients with microvascular complications. J Diabetes Complications. 1990; 4(4):145-149.
  • Aljahlan M, Lee KC, Toth E. Limited joint mobility in diabetes. Diabetic cheiroarthropathy may be a clue to more serious complications. Postgrad Med. 1999; 105(2):99-101, 105-106.
  • Rosenbloom AL, Silverstein JH, Lezotte DC, Richardson K, McCallum M. Limited joint mobility in childhood diabetes mellitus indicates increased risk for microvascular disease. N Engl JMed. 1981; 305(4):191-194.
  • Al-Homood IA. Rheumatic conditions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Rheumatol. 2013 May; 32(5):527-33.
  • Carson J, Clarke C (1993) Dupuytren's contracture in pensioners at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 27(1):25-27.
  • Ardic F, Soyupek F, Kahraman Y, Yorgancioglu R. The musculoskeletal complications seen in type II diabetics: predominance of hand involvement. Clin Rheumatol. 2003; 22(3):229-233.
  • Cagliero E, Apruzzese W, Perlmutter GS, Nathan DM. Musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and shoulder in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Med.2002; 112(6):487-490.
  • Childs SG. Dupuytren's disease. Orthopaedic nursing.2005; 24(2):160-164.
  • Bazin S, Le Lous M, Duance VC, Sims TJ, Bailey AJ, Gabbiani G, et al Biochemistry and histology of the connective tissue of Dupuytren's disease lesions. Eur J Clin Invest. 1980; 10(1):9-16.
  • Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Gabbiani G, Bazin S, LeLous M. Collagen of Dupuytren's disease. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1977; 53(5):499- 502.
  • Hurst LC, Badalamente MA, Hentz VR, Hotchkiss RN, Kaplan FT, Meals RA, et al; CORD I Study Group. Injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Dupuytren's contracture. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(10):968-79.
  • Leden I, Schersten B, Svensson B, Svensson M . Locomotor system disorders in diabetes mellitus. Increased prevalence of palmar flexortenosynovitis. Scand J Rheumatol 1983; 12(3):260-262.
  • Blyth MJ, Ross DJ. Diabetes and trigger finger J Hand Surg Br 1996; 21(2):244-245.
  • Ramchurn N, Mashamba C, Leitch E, Arutchelvam V, Narayanan K, Weaver J, et al. Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and poor metabolic control in diabetes. Eur J Intern Med. 2009; 20(7):718-21.
  • Kameyama M, Chen KR, Mukai K, Shimada A, Atsumi Y, Yanagimoto S. Histopathological characteristics of stenosing flexor tenosynovitis in diabetic patients and possible associations with diabetes-related variables. J Hand Surg Am. 2013; 38(7):1331-9.
  • Ryzewicz M, Wolf JM. Trigger digits: principle management, and complications. J Hand Surg Am. 2006; 31(1):135-146.
  • Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, aRosen I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 1999; 282(2):153-158.
  • Perkins BA, Olaleye D, Bril V. Carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(3):565-569.
  • Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW. Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005; 10(2):144-157.
  • Ahn DS. Hand elevation: a new test for carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2001; 46(2):120-4.
  • Ibrahim I, Khan WS, Goddard N, Smitham P. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of the recent literature. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:69-76. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010069
  • Owens H. Frozen shoulder. In: Donatelli R, Orthopedic physical therapy, 1996, New York, Churchill Livingston, 257- 277.
  • Lebiedz-Odrobina D, Kay J. Rheumatic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010; 36(4):681-699.
  • Tighe CB, Oakley WS Jr. The prevalence of a diabetic condition and adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. South Med J 2008; 101(6):591-595.
  • Griggs SM, Ahn A, Green A. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000; 2(10):1398-1407.
  • Crispin JC, Alcocer-Varela J .Rheumatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 2003; 114(9):753-757.
  • Hsu JE, Anakwenze OA, Warrender WJ, Abboud JA. Current review of adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011; 20(3):502-514.
  • Arkkila PE, Kantola IM, Viikari JS & Ronnemaa T. Shoulder capsulitis in type I and II diabetic patients: association with diabetic complications and related diseases. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1996; 55:907(12)-914.
  • Balci N, Balci MK & Tuzuner S. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis and shoulder range of motion in type II diabetes mellitus: association with diabetic complications. Journal of Diabetes Complications. 1999; 13(3):135-140.
  • Larkin ME, Barnie A, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Diminick L, Harth J, et al; and the Diabetes Control and Complications/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(7):1863-1869 Group. Musculoskeletal
  • Manske RC, Prohaska D.Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008; 1(3- 4):180-189.
  • Forgacs S. Diabetes mellitus and rheumatic diseases. Clinical Rheumatic Disease 1986; 12(3):729-753.
  • Kiss C, Szilagyi M, Paksy A et al. Risk factors for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a case-control study. Rheumatology 2002; 41(1):27-30.
  • Julkunen H, Heinonen OP & Pyo¨ra¨la¨ K. Hyperostosis of the spine in an adult population; its relationship to hyperglycemia and obesity. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1971; 30(6):605-612.
  • Vezyroglou G, Mitropoulos A, Kyriazis N, Antoniadis C. A metabolic syndrome in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. A controlled study. J Rheumatol. 1996; 23(4):672-676.
  • Arkkila PE, Gautier JF. Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetes mellitus: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003; 17(6):945-70.
  • Littlejohn GO. Insulin and new bone formation in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clin Rheumatol. 1985; 4(3):294-300.
  • Denko CW, Boja B, Moskowitz RW. Growth promoting peptides in osteoarthrosis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis-insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, growth hormone. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21(9):1725-1730.
  • Resnick D, Niwayama G. Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders, 1988, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1563-1615.
  • Forga´cs SS. Endocrine and hemoglobin-related arthropathies and storage diseases. Diabetes mellitus. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe PA, eds. Rheumatology. 2nd ed. London, United Kingdom: Mosby; 1998:1-6.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. Pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. Radiolo. 1981; 139(2):349-354.
  • Wang A, Weinstein D, Greenfield L, Chiu L, Chambers R, Stewart C et al. MRI and diabetic foot infections. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990; 8(6):805-9.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. The neuropathic joint: a neurovascular bone disorder. Radiology Clinics of North America. 1981; 19(4):571-580.
  • Brower AC, Allman RM. Pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. Radiolo. 1981; 139(2):349-354.
  • Rogers LC, Frykberg RG, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Edmonds M, Van GH, et al. The Charcot foot in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(9):2123-9.
  • Boddenberg U. Healing time of foot and ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus: literature review and report on own cases. Zentralbl Chir 2004; 129(6):453-459.
  • Richard JL, Almasri M, Schuldiner S. Treatment of acute Charcot foot with bisphosphonates: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetologia 2012; 55(5):1258-1264.
  • Trujillo-Santos AJ. Diabetic muscle infarction: an underdiagnosed complication of long-standing diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(1):211-215.
  • Bruehl S, Chung OY. Complex regional pain syndrome. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences. Edited by Amnoff MJ, Daroff RB. 2003, San Diego, Academic Press, 749-54.
  • Marshall AT, Crisp AJ. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000; 39(7):692-5.
  • Bussa M, Guttilla D, Lucia M, Mascaro A, Rinaldi S. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: a comprehensive review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 ;59(6):685-97
  • Hsu ES. Practical management of complex regional pain syndrome. Am J Ther. 2009 ;16(2):147-54
  • Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Koes BW, Hazes JM, Pols HA. Do metabolic factors add to the effect of overweight on hand osteoarthritis? The Rotterdam Study. Ann RheumDis 2007; 66(7):916-920.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kuşkonmaz, Ş. M. (2016). DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI. Duzce Medical Journal, 18(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010069
AMA Kuşkonmaz ŞM. DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI. Duzce Med J. March 2016;18(1):30-34. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010069
Chicago Kuşkonmaz, Şerife Mehlika. “DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI”. Duzce Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2016): 30-34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010069.
EndNote Kuşkonmaz ŞM (March 1, 2016) DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI. Duzce Medical Journal 18 1 30–34.
IEEE Ş. M. Kuşkonmaz, “DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI”, Duzce Med J, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 30–34, 2016, doi: 10.2174/1874325001206010069.
ISNAD Kuşkonmaz, Şerife Mehlika. “DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI”. Duzce Medical Journal 18/1 (March 2016), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010069.
JAMA Kuşkonmaz ŞM. DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI. Duzce Med J. 2016;18:30–34.
MLA Kuşkonmaz, Şerife Mehlika. “DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 2016, pp. 30-34, doi:10.2174/1874325001206010069.
Vancouver Kuşkonmaz ŞM. DİYABETİK HASTADA KAS İSKELET SİSTEMİ SORUNLARI. Duzce Med J. 2016;18(1):30-4.
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