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Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklarda Oküler Patolojiler: Prospektif Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 218 - 221, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.788662

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Down sendromu veya herhangi bir kromozomal-genetik anomalisi olmayan zihinsel engelli pediatrik hastalarda oküler patolojilerin araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 2010 ve 2011 yılları arasında 79 zeka geriliği olan ve 110 sağlıklı çocuk olmak üzere toplam 189 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik faktörleri (yaş, cinsiyet) ile etkilenen taraf, görme keskinliği, ezotropya, ekzotropya, ön segment patolojileri ve arka segment patolojileri değerlendirildi. Çalışma grubundaki tüm pediatrik hastalar Wechsler Çocuklar için Zeka Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş Formu’na göre IQ düzeyi <34, 35-49, 50-69 ve >70 olarak ayrıldı.
Bulgular: Zeka geriliği olan çocukların yaş ortalaması 11,85±6,19 (3-17) yıl iken sağlıklı çocukların yaş ortalaması 10,73±3,35 (3-15) yıl idi. Görmesi değerlendirilen 74 hastanın 8'inde görme bozukluğu varken, sağlıklı grupta ise hiç görme bozukluğu yoktu (sağ ve sol için sırasıyla p=0,001 ve p=0,004). Düşük IQ'lu çocuklarda, 2 (%2,5) olguda ön segment patolojisi ve 3 (%3,8) olguda ise arka segment patolojisi saptandı. Düşük IQ'lu hastaların 7 (%8,9)'sinde şaşılık saptanırken sağlıklı çocuklarda ise hiç şaşılık saptanmadı. Zeka geriliği olan olguların 5 (%6,3)'inde ekzotropya, 2 (%2,5)'sinde ise ezotropya vardı. Ekzotropya zeka geriliği olan çocuklarda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olarak bulundu (p=0,012).
Sonuç: Zihinsel engelli çocuklarda görme bozukluğu, ön-arka segment patolojisi, ekzotropya yüksek prevalansa sahipti ve tüm oküler patolojiler düşük zihinsel engelle ilişkiliydi.

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

SAYIN EDİTÖR Zeka geriliği kavramı normalin altında entelektüel işlevsellik (Intellectual Quotient), IQ < 75) ile tanımlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, bilişsel yetilerin tümünü etkileyecek şekilde zeka gelişiminin geri ve yavaş olması söz konusudur. Buna göre zeka geriliği olan çocuklar iletişim, kendini yönetme, sosyal beceri, kendine bakım, toplumsal kaynakları kullanma ve kişisel güvenliğini sağlama gibi sosyal faaliyetlerde noksanlıklar yaşarlar. BU çalışma zeka geriliği olan çocuklarda göz bulgularını belirleyen bir çalışmadır. değerlendirmeniz için teşekkür ederiz

References

  • Tuppurainen K. Ocular findings among mentally retarded children in Finland. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1983;61(4):634-44.
  • Tsao WS, Hsieh HP, Chuang YT, Sheu MM. Ophthalmologic abnormalities among students with cognitive impairment in eastern Taiwan: The special group with undetected visual impairment. J Formos Med Assoc. 2017;116(5):345-50.
  • Chang YS, Shih MH, Tseng SH, Cheng HC, Teng CL. Ophthalmologic abnormalities in high school students with mental retardation in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104(8):578-84.
  • Lennerstrand G, Axelsson A, Andersson G. Visual assessment with preferential looking techniques in mentally retarded children. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1983;61(2):183-5.
  • Jamali P, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Younesian M, Jafari A. Refractive errors and amblyopia in children entering school: Shahrood, Iran. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(4):364-9.
  • Robaei D, Rose K, Ojaimi E, Kifley A, Huynh S, Mitchell P. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in a population-based sample of 6-year-old Australian children. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(7):1275-82.
  • Afsari S, Rose KA, Gole GA, Philip K, Leone JF, French A, et al. Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(9):1095-9.
  • Sauer T, Lawrence L, Mayo-Ortega L, Oyama-Ganiko R, Schroeder S. Refractive error and ocular findings among infants and young children with severe problem behavior and developmental disabilities. J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2018;11(4):251-65.
  • Ghising R, Shakya S, Rizyal A, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Wang-Harris S. Prevalence of refractive error in mentally retarded students of Kathmandu Valley. Nepal Med Coll J. 2007;9(4):262-5.
  • Woodruff ME. Prevalence of visual and ocular anomalies in 168 non-institutionalized mentally retarded children. Can J Public Health. 1977;68(3):225-32.
  • Mwanza JC, Nkidiaka CM, Kayembe DL, Maillet CY, Mukau EJ, Tuela MR. Ophthalmologic abnormalities in mentally retarded. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2000;(277):75-8.
  • Ljubic A, Trajkovski V. Refractive errors in children and young adults with Down's syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89(4):324-7.
  • Saw SM, Tan SB, Fung D, Chia KS, Koh D, Tan DT, et al. IQ and the association with myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(9):2943-8.
  • Gogate P, Soneji FR, Kharat J, Dulera H, Deshpande M, Gilbert C. Ocular disorders in children with learning disabilities in special education schools of Pune, India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(3):223-8.
  • van Isterdael CE, Stilma JS, Bezemer PD, Tijmes NT. 6,220 institutionalised people with intellectual disability referred for visual assessment between 1993 and 2003: overview and trends. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(10):1297-303.
  • McCulloch DL, Sludden PA, McKeown K, Kerr A. Vision care requirements among intellectually disabled adults: a residence-based pilot study. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1996;40(Pt 2):140-50.
  • Akinci A, Oner O, Bozkurt OH, Guven A, Degerliyurt A, Munir K. Refractive errors and ocular findings in children with intellectual disability: a controlled study. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):477-81.
  • Aslan L, Aslankurt M, Aksoy A, Altun H. Preventable visual impairment in children with nonprofound intellectual disability. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2013;23(6):870-5.
  • Ljubic A, Trajkovski V, Stankovic B. Strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet. 2011;32(4):204-11.
  • Sandfeld Nielsen L, Skov L, Jensen H. Visual dysfunctions and ocular disorders in children with developmental delay. II. Aspects of refractive errors, strabismus and contrast sensitivity. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85(4):419-26.
  • Gogate PM, Rishikeshi N, Taras S, Aghor M, Deshpande MD. Clinical audit of horizontal strabismus surgery in children in Maharashtra, India. Strabismus. 2010;18(1):13-7.
  • Donnelly UM, Stewart NM, Hollinger M. Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005;12(4):243-50.
  • Berk AT, Saatci AO, Erçal MD, Tunç M, Ergin M. Ocular findings in 55 patients with Down's syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet. 1996;17(1):15-9.

Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 218 - 221, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.788662

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the ocular pathologies in mentally retarded pediatric patients without Down syndrome or any certain chromosomal-genetic anomaly.
Material and Methods: A total of 189 patients, including 79 mental retarded and 110 healthy children, were included in this study between 2010 and 2011. Demographic factors (age, gender) of the patients, and affected side, visual acuity, esotropia, exotropia, anterior segment pathologies and posterior segment pathologies were evaluated. All pediatric patients in study group were divided as IQ level <34, 35-49, 50-69, and >70 according to Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Form.
Results: The mean age of the children with mental retardation was 11.85±6.19 (3-17) years, while the mean age of healthy children was 10.73±3.35 (3-15) years. While visual impairment was present in 8 of the 74 patients whose vision was evaluated, there was no impairment in the healthy group (p=0.001 and p=0.004 for right and left, respectively). Anterior segment pathology was detected in 2 (2.5%) cases, and posterior segment pathology in 3 (3.8%) cases in children with low IQ. While strabismus was detected in 7 (8.9%) patients with low IQ, no strabismus was found in healthy children. Five (6.3%) of the cases with mental retardation had exotropia and 2 (2.5%) had esotropia. Exotropia was found significantly higher in children with mental retardation compared to the control group (p=0.012).
Conclusion: Visual impairment, anterior-posterior segment pathology, exotropia had a high prevalence in children with mental retardation, and all ocular pathologies were related to low intellectual disability.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Tuppurainen K. Ocular findings among mentally retarded children in Finland. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1983;61(4):634-44.
  • Tsao WS, Hsieh HP, Chuang YT, Sheu MM. Ophthalmologic abnormalities among students with cognitive impairment in eastern Taiwan: The special group with undetected visual impairment. J Formos Med Assoc. 2017;116(5):345-50.
  • Chang YS, Shih MH, Tseng SH, Cheng HC, Teng CL. Ophthalmologic abnormalities in high school students with mental retardation in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104(8):578-84.
  • Lennerstrand G, Axelsson A, Andersson G. Visual assessment with preferential looking techniques in mentally retarded children. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1983;61(2):183-5.
  • Jamali P, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Younesian M, Jafari A. Refractive errors and amblyopia in children entering school: Shahrood, Iran. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(4):364-9.
  • Robaei D, Rose K, Ojaimi E, Kifley A, Huynh S, Mitchell P. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in a population-based sample of 6-year-old Australian children. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(7):1275-82.
  • Afsari S, Rose KA, Gole GA, Philip K, Leone JF, French A, et al. Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(9):1095-9.
  • Sauer T, Lawrence L, Mayo-Ortega L, Oyama-Ganiko R, Schroeder S. Refractive error and ocular findings among infants and young children with severe problem behavior and developmental disabilities. J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2018;11(4):251-65.
  • Ghising R, Shakya S, Rizyal A, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Wang-Harris S. Prevalence of refractive error in mentally retarded students of Kathmandu Valley. Nepal Med Coll J. 2007;9(4):262-5.
  • Woodruff ME. Prevalence of visual and ocular anomalies in 168 non-institutionalized mentally retarded children. Can J Public Health. 1977;68(3):225-32.
  • Mwanza JC, Nkidiaka CM, Kayembe DL, Maillet CY, Mukau EJ, Tuela MR. Ophthalmologic abnormalities in mentally retarded. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2000;(277):75-8.
  • Ljubic A, Trajkovski V. Refractive errors in children and young adults with Down's syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89(4):324-7.
  • Saw SM, Tan SB, Fung D, Chia KS, Koh D, Tan DT, et al. IQ and the association with myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(9):2943-8.
  • Gogate P, Soneji FR, Kharat J, Dulera H, Deshpande M, Gilbert C. Ocular disorders in children with learning disabilities in special education schools of Pune, India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(3):223-8.
  • van Isterdael CE, Stilma JS, Bezemer PD, Tijmes NT. 6,220 institutionalised people with intellectual disability referred for visual assessment between 1993 and 2003: overview and trends. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(10):1297-303.
  • McCulloch DL, Sludden PA, McKeown K, Kerr A. Vision care requirements among intellectually disabled adults: a residence-based pilot study. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1996;40(Pt 2):140-50.
  • Akinci A, Oner O, Bozkurt OH, Guven A, Degerliyurt A, Munir K. Refractive errors and ocular findings in children with intellectual disability: a controlled study. J AAPOS. 2008;12(5):477-81.
  • Aslan L, Aslankurt M, Aksoy A, Altun H. Preventable visual impairment in children with nonprofound intellectual disability. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2013;23(6):870-5.
  • Ljubic A, Trajkovski V, Stankovic B. Strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet. 2011;32(4):204-11.
  • Sandfeld Nielsen L, Skov L, Jensen H. Visual dysfunctions and ocular disorders in children with developmental delay. II. Aspects of refractive errors, strabismus and contrast sensitivity. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85(4):419-26.
  • Gogate PM, Rishikeshi N, Taras S, Aghor M, Deshpande MD. Clinical audit of horizontal strabismus surgery in children in Maharashtra, India. Strabismus. 2010;18(1):13-7.
  • Donnelly UM, Stewart NM, Hollinger M. Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005;12(4):243-50.
  • Berk AT, Saatci AO, Erçal MD, Tunç M, Ergin M. Ocular findings in 55 patients with Down's syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet. 1996;17(1):15-9.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurdan Arıcan 0000-0003-3311-7857

Murat Tunç 0000-0002-2331-2483

Project Number YOK
Publication Date December 30, 2020
Submission Date August 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Arıcan, N., & Tunç, M. (2020). Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study. Duzce Medical Journal, 22(3), 218-221. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.788662
AMA Arıcan N, Tunç M. Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study. Duzce Med J. December 2020;22(3):218-221. doi:10.18678/dtfd.788662
Chicago Arıcan, Nurdan, and Murat Tunç. “Ocular Pathologies in Children With Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study”. Duzce Medical Journal 22, no. 3 (December 2020): 218-21. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.788662.
EndNote Arıcan N, Tunç M (December 1, 2020) Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study. Duzce Medical Journal 22 3 218–221.
IEEE N. Arıcan and M. Tunç, “Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study”, Duzce Med J, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 218–221, 2020, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.788662.
ISNAD Arıcan, Nurdan - Tunç, Murat. “Ocular Pathologies in Children With Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study”. Duzce Medical Journal 22/3 (December 2020), 218-221. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.788662.
JAMA Arıcan N, Tunç M. Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study. Duzce Med J. 2020;22:218–221.
MLA Arıcan, Nurdan and Murat Tunç. “Ocular Pathologies in Children With Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 22, no. 3, 2020, pp. 218-21, doi:10.18678/dtfd.788662.
Vancouver Arıcan N, Tunç M. Ocular Pathologies in Children with Mental Retardation: A Prospective Study. Duzce Med J. 2020;22(3):218-21.