Research Article
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Adölesan Gebelerde Depresyonun Psikososyal Risk Faktörleri

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 49 - 53, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1052605

Abstract

Amaç: Adölesan gebelikleri bireyin psikolojik, bedensel ve sosyal gelişimini olumsuz etkiler ve bu gebeliklerde depresyona daha sık rastlanır. Bu çalışmada, adölesan gebelerde antenatal depresyonun yaygınlığı ile psikolojik ve sosyal nedenlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipteki anket çalışması, Mayıs 2019 ve Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin antenatal polikliniğine başvuran 272 adölesan gebe ile yapıldı. Gebelere, demografik ve psikososyal özellikler ile obstetrik öykünün sorgulandığı yapılandırılmış anket formu ve Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği (EPDÖ) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Adölesan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 17,2±0,8 (aralık, 14-19) yıl olup 232 (%85,3)’si evli ve ortalama evlilik yaşı 16,6±1,3 yıl idi. EPDÖ toplam puan ortalaması 8,7±6,2 bulundu ve gebelerin 58 (%21,3)’inde depresif semptomlar tespit edildi. Eğitim düzeyi azaldıkça, depresif semptomların görülme sıklığı artmaktaydı (p=0,001). EPDÖ skoru ≥13 olan 58 adolesan gebenin, 36 (%62,1)’sında depresyon öyküsü bulunurken, diğer 22 (%37,9)’sinde depresyon öyküsü yoktu. Geçirilmiş depresyon öyküsü veren gebelerde depresyon semptomlarının görülme sıklığı anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,001). Depresyon riski puanı ≥13 olan toplam 17 gebeye depresyon tanısı konularak, psikiyatrik yardım ve danışmanlık verildi.
Sonuç: Adölesan gebelerde, düşük eğitim seviyesi ve geçirilmiş depresyon öyküsü antenatal depresyon ile yakından ilişkilidir. Antenatal depresyonun tanınması ve psikolojik desteğe ihtiyacı olan adölesanların belirlenmesi için etkin antenatal tarama tüm adölesan gebelere, öncelikle risk faktörü taşıyan gebelere yapılmalıdır.

References

  • Leftwich HK, Alves MV. Adolescent pregnancy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64(2):381-8.
  • Meltzer-Brody S, Bledsoe-Mansori SE, Johnson N, Killian C, Hamer RM, Jackson C, et al. A prospective study of perinatal depression and trauma history in pregnant minority adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(3):211.e1-7.
  • Ashley JM, Harper BD, Arms-Chavez CJ, LoBello SG. Estimated prevalence of antenatal depression in the US population. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19(2):395-400.
  • Kartal B, Şimşek N. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy and the affecting factors. J Contemp Med. 2017;7(3):217-24.
  • Çeber E, Bilge A, Mermer G, Yücel Ü. [Risk of postnatal depression and pregnancy in Bornova, İzmir]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst. 2010;20(1):1-9. Turkish.
  • Sezgin AU, Punamäki RL. Impacts of early marriage and adolescent pregnancy on mental and somatic health: the role of partner violence. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(2):155-66.
  • Laurenzi CA, Gordon S, Abrahams N, du Toit S, Bradshaw M, Brand A, et al. Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review. Reprod Health. 2020;17(1):65.
  • Brown JD, Harris SK, Woods ER, Buman MP, Cox JE. Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms and social support in adolescent mothers. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(4):894-901.
  • Zheng X, Morrell J, Watts K. Changes in maternal self-efficacy, postnatal depression symptoms and social support among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period: A longitudinal study. Midwifery. 2018;62:151-60.
  • Gavin AR, Lindhorst T, Lohr MJ. The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers: results from a 17-year longitudinal study. Women Health. 2011;51(6):525-45.
  • Sekharan VS, Kim TH, Oulman E, Tamim H. Prevalence and characteristics of intended adolescent pregnancy: an analysis of the Canadian maternity experiences survey. Reprod Health. 2015;12:101.
  • Yeşilçiçek Çalık K, Aktaş S. [Depression in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and treatment. Curr Approaches Psychiatry. 2011;3(1):142-62. Turkish.
  • Lancaster CA, Gold KJ, Flynn HA, Yoo H, Marcus SM, Davis MM. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(1):5-14.
  • Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10 item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-6.
  • Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. [Validated Turkish version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale]. Bahar Sempozyumları 1. Kitabı. Ankara: Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları; 1996. p.51-2. Turkish.
  • Martínez-Paredes JF, Jácome-Pérez N. Depression in pregnancy. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed). 2019;48(1):58-65.
  • Osok J, Kigamwa P, Stoep AV, Huang KY, Kumar M. Depression and its psychosocial risk factors in pregnant Kenyan adolescents: a cross-sectional study in a community health Centre of Nairobi. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):136.
  • Kamalak Z, Köşüş N, Köşüş A, Hizli D, Akçal B, Kafali H, et al. Adolescent pregnancy and depression: is there an association? Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2016;43(3):427-30.
  • İşcan G, İşcan SC, Koç EM, Karçaaltıncaba D. [The impact of sociodemographic and obstetrical features on pregnancy depression]. Med J SDU. 2018;25(4):429-35. Turkish.
  • Wong SPW, Twynstra J, Gilliland JA, Cook JL, Seabrook JA. Risk factors and birth outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy: A Canadian sample. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33(2):153-9.
  • Levis B, Negeri Z, Sun Y, Benetti A, Thombs BD; DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Group. Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2020;371:m4022.
  • Recto P, Champion JD. Psychosocial risk factors for perinatal depression among female adolescents: A systematic review. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2017;38(8):633-42.
  • Míguez MC, Vázquez MB. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy in Spanish women: Trajectory and risk factors in each trimester. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):6789.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 49 - 53, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1052605

Abstract

Aim: Pregnancy in adolescence can negatively affect psychological, physical, and social development, and depression is more common in these pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate frequency of antenatal depression, and its psychological and social antecedents, in adolescent pregnancies.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included 272 pregnant adolescents admitted to the antenatal outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital between May and August 2019. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and a structured questionnaire about demographic and psychosocial characteristics, and obstetric history, were used.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant adolescents was 17.2±0.8 (range, 14-19) years, 232 (85.3%) of them were married, and their mean age at first marriage was 16.6±1.3 years. The mean total EPDS score was 8.7±6.2, and 58 (21.3%) of them had depressive symptoms. As education level decreased, the frequency of depressive symptoms increased (p=0.001). In total, 36 (62.1%) of the 58 pregnant adolescents with an EPDS score ≥13 had a history of depression; the other 22 (37.9%) had no history. The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in pregnant adolescents with a history of depression (p=0.001). In total, 17 pregnant adolescents with a depression risk score ≥13 were diagnosed with depression, and psychiatric support and counseling were provided.
Conclusion: In pregnant adolescents, low educational status and a previous history of depression were closely associated with antenatal depression. Effective antenatal screening should be performed in all pregnant adolescents, especially those with risk factors, to check for antenatal depression and identify those who need psychological support.

References

  • Leftwich HK, Alves MV. Adolescent pregnancy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64(2):381-8.
  • Meltzer-Brody S, Bledsoe-Mansori SE, Johnson N, Killian C, Hamer RM, Jackson C, et al. A prospective study of perinatal depression and trauma history in pregnant minority adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(3):211.e1-7.
  • Ashley JM, Harper BD, Arms-Chavez CJ, LoBello SG. Estimated prevalence of antenatal depression in the US population. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19(2):395-400.
  • Kartal B, Şimşek N. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy and the affecting factors. J Contemp Med. 2017;7(3):217-24.
  • Çeber E, Bilge A, Mermer G, Yücel Ü. [Risk of postnatal depression and pregnancy in Bornova, İzmir]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst. 2010;20(1):1-9. Turkish.
  • Sezgin AU, Punamäki RL. Impacts of early marriage and adolescent pregnancy on mental and somatic health: the role of partner violence. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(2):155-66.
  • Laurenzi CA, Gordon S, Abrahams N, du Toit S, Bradshaw M, Brand A, et al. Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review. Reprod Health. 2020;17(1):65.
  • Brown JD, Harris SK, Woods ER, Buman MP, Cox JE. Longitudinal study of depressive symptoms and social support in adolescent mothers. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(4):894-901.
  • Zheng X, Morrell J, Watts K. Changes in maternal self-efficacy, postnatal depression symptoms and social support among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period: A longitudinal study. Midwifery. 2018;62:151-60.
  • Gavin AR, Lindhorst T, Lohr MJ. The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers: results from a 17-year longitudinal study. Women Health. 2011;51(6):525-45.
  • Sekharan VS, Kim TH, Oulman E, Tamim H. Prevalence and characteristics of intended adolescent pregnancy: an analysis of the Canadian maternity experiences survey. Reprod Health. 2015;12:101.
  • Yeşilçiçek Çalık K, Aktaş S. [Depression in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and treatment. Curr Approaches Psychiatry. 2011;3(1):142-62. Turkish.
  • Lancaster CA, Gold KJ, Flynn HA, Yoo H, Marcus SM, Davis MM. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202(1):5-14.
  • Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10 item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-6.
  • Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. [Validated Turkish version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale]. Bahar Sempozyumları 1. Kitabı. Ankara: Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları; 1996. p.51-2. Turkish.
  • Martínez-Paredes JF, Jácome-Pérez N. Depression in pregnancy. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed). 2019;48(1):58-65.
  • Osok J, Kigamwa P, Stoep AV, Huang KY, Kumar M. Depression and its psychosocial risk factors in pregnant Kenyan adolescents: a cross-sectional study in a community health Centre of Nairobi. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):136.
  • Kamalak Z, Köşüş N, Köşüş A, Hizli D, Akçal B, Kafali H, et al. Adolescent pregnancy and depression: is there an association? Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2016;43(3):427-30.
  • İşcan G, İşcan SC, Koç EM, Karçaaltıncaba D. [The impact of sociodemographic and obstetrical features on pregnancy depression]. Med J SDU. 2018;25(4):429-35. Turkish.
  • Wong SPW, Twynstra J, Gilliland JA, Cook JL, Seabrook JA. Risk factors and birth outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy: A Canadian sample. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33(2):153-9.
  • Levis B, Negeri Z, Sun Y, Benetti A, Thombs BD; DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Group. Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2020;371:m4022.
  • Recto P, Champion JD. Psychosocial risk factors for perinatal depression among female adolescents: A systematic review. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2017;38(8):633-42.
  • Míguez MC, Vázquez MB. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy in Spanish women: Trajectory and risk factors in each trimester. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):6789.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşegül Öksüzoğlu 0000-0003-0042-0307

Burcu Timur 0000-0001-8769-5949

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date January 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öksüzoğlu, A., & Timur, B. (2022). Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents. Duzce Medical Journal, 24(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1052605
AMA Öksüzoğlu A, Timur B. Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents. Duzce Med J. April 2022;24(1):49-53. doi:10.18678/dtfd.1052605
Chicago Öksüzoğlu, Ayşegül, and Burcu Timur. “Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents”. Duzce Medical Journal 24, no. 1 (April 2022): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1052605.
EndNote Öksüzoğlu A, Timur B (April 1, 2022) Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents. Duzce Medical Journal 24 1 49–53.
IEEE A. Öksüzoğlu and B. Timur, “Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents”, Duzce Med J, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 49–53, 2022, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.1052605.
ISNAD Öksüzoğlu, Ayşegül - Timur, Burcu. “Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents”. Duzce Medical Journal 24/1 (April 2022), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1052605.
JAMA Öksüzoğlu A, Timur B. Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents. Duzce Med J. 2022;24:49–53.
MLA Öksüzoğlu, Ayşegül and Burcu Timur. “Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, 2022, pp. 49-53, doi:10.18678/dtfd.1052605.
Vancouver Öksüzoğlu A, Timur B. Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents. Duzce Med J. 2022;24(1):49-53.