Research Article
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Migren ve Küme Baş Ağrısı Hastalarında Beyin Manyetik Rezonans İndekslerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Issue: Early Access
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1685253

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, auralı ve aurasız migren hastaları, küme baş ağrısı hastaları ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında bikaudat indeks (BKİ), bifrontal indeks (BFİ), Evans indeksi, dördüncü ventrikül indeksi (DVİ) ve korpus kallozum indeksi (KKİ) dahil olmak üzere manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile ölçülen nöroanatomik indeksleri karşılaştırarak yapısal farklılıkları belirlemek ve bu hastalıkların altında yatan patofizyolojik mekanizmaları aydınlatmak amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yaşları 20-50 arasında değişen toplam 144 katılımcı geriye dönük olarak analiz edilmiş ve auralı migren, aurasız migren, küme baş ağrısı ve sağlıklı kontroller olmak üzere dört gruba eşit şekilde ayrılmıştır. Nöroanatomik ölçümler, 1.5 Tesla cihazı kullanılarak çekilmiş olan arşivlenmiş MRG görüntülerinden elde edilmiştir. Tüm indeksler standart lineer formüller kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve tanı gruplarına kör bir radyolog tarafından doğrulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında BKİ, BFİ ve Evans indeks (sırasıyla p=0,047, p=0,010 ve p=0,010) açısından anlamlı farklılıklar gözlendi. BKİ, auralı migren grubunda küme baş ağrısı grubuna kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha düşüktü (p=0,041). BFİ (p=0,010) ve Evans indeksi (p=0,006) aurasız migren grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla belirgin şekilde azalmıştı. DVİ (p=0,172) ve KKİ (p=0,967) açısından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Bu bulgular, migren ve küme baş ağrısı hastalarında yapısal beyin farklılıklarının varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. BKİ, BFİ ve Evans indeksindeki değişiklikler, altta yatan nöroanatomik mekanizmaları yansıtabilir ve tanı ile bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi stratejileri için potansiyel biyobelirteçler olarak değerlendirilebilir. Ayrıca, baş ağrısının klinik değerlendirmesinde mekanizmaya dayalı görüntüleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesini destekleyebilir.

References

  • Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
  • Messina R, Sudre CH, Wei DY, Filippi M, Ourselin S, Goadsby PJ. Biomarkers of migraine and cluster headache: differences and similarities. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(4):729-42.
  • Vollesen AL, Benemei S, Cortese F, Labastida-Ramírez A, Marchese F, Pellesi L, et al. Migraine and cluster headache - the common link. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):89.
  • Abdalla K, Alawneh KZ, Al-Bdour M, Abu-Salih AQ. Migraine and MRI: uncovering potential associations. Head Face Med. 2025;21(1):6.
  • Ferraro S, Nigri A, Demichelis G, Pinardi C, Chiapparini L, Giani L, et al. Understanding cluster headache using magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurol. 2020;11:535.
  • Silvestro M, Tessitore A, Orologio I, Battista G, Siciliano M, Tedeschi G, et al. Cluster headache pathophysiology: what we have learned from advanced neuroimaging. Headache. 2022;62(4):436-52.
  • Abagnale C, Di Renzo A, Giuliani G, Sebastianelli G, Casillo F, Ziccardi L, et al. MRI-based analysis of the microstructure of the thalamus and hypothalamus and functional connectivity between cortical networks in episodic cluster headache. J Headache Pain. 2025;26(1):12.
  • Coppola G, Abagnale C, Sebastianelli G, Goadsby PJ. Pathophysiology of cluster headache: From the trigeminovascular system to the cerebral networks. Cephalalgia. 2024;44(2):3331024231209317.
  • Hansen JM, Schankin CJ. Cerebral hemodynamics in the different phases of migraine and cluster headache. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019;39(4):595-609.
  • Chong CD, Aguilar M, Schwedt TJ. Altered hypothalamic region covariance in migraine and cluster headache: a structural MRI study. Headache. 2020;60(3):553-63.
  • Giorgio A, Lupi C, Zhang J, De Cesaris F, Alessandri M, Mortilla M, et al. Changes in grey matter volume and functional connectivity in cluster headache versus migraine. Brain Imaging Behav. 2020;14(2):496-504.
  • Buture A, Gooriah R, Nimeri R, Ahmed F. Current understanding on pain mechanism in migraine and cluster headache. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;6(3):e35190.
  • Özdikici M. Measurement of the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces in adults with magnetic resonance imaging. Dicle Med J. 2022;49(2):315-23. Turkish.
  • Bertotti G, Fernández-Ruiz V, Roldán-Ruiz A, López-Moreno M. Cluster headache and migraine shared and unique insights: neurophysiological implications, neuroimaging, and biomarkers: a comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 2025;14(7):2160.
  • Giorgio A, De Stefano N. Clinical use of brain volumetry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;37(1):1-14.
  • Holmgren RT, Tisell A, Warntjes MJB, Georgiopoulos C. 3D Quantitative MRI: A fast and reliable method for ventricular volumetry. World Neurosurg. 2025;195:123661.
  • Huang CW, Lui CC, Chang WN, Lu CH, Wang YL, Chang CC. Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(10):1283-6.
  • Güneş M, Özeren E. Effectiveness of bilateral greater and lesser occipital nerve blocks in the prophylaxis of episodic migraine. Duzce Med J. 2021;23(1):93-6.

Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients

Year 2025, Issue: Early Access
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1685253

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to compare neuroanatomical indices measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including the bicaudate index (BCI), bifrontal index (BFI), Evans index, fourth ventricle index (FVI), and corpus callosum index (CCI), across patients with migraine with and without aura, cluster headache, and healthy controls, to identify structural differences and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders.
Material and Methods: A total of 144 participants aged 20-50 years were retrospectively analyzed and evenly divided into four groups: migraine with aura, migraine without aura, cluster headache, and healthy controls. Neuroanatomical measurements were obtained from archived MRI scans performed using a 1.5 Tesla device. All indices were calculated using standardized linear formulas and verified by a radiologist blinded to the diagnostic groups.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the groups in BCI, BFI, and Evans index (p=0.047, p=0.010, and p=0.010, respectively). The BCI was significantly lower in the migraine with aura group compared to the cluster headache group (p=0.041). BFI (p=0.010) and Evans index (p=0.006) were notably reduced in the migraine without aura group compared to controls. No significant differences were found in FVI (p=0.172) and CCI (p=0.967).
Conclusion: These findings reveal the presence of structural brain differences in patients with migraine and cluster headache. Changes in BCI, BFI, and Evans index may reflect underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms and could be considered potential biomarkers for diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies. They may also support the development of mechanism-based imaging strategies in the clinical evaluation of headache.

References

  • Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
  • Messina R, Sudre CH, Wei DY, Filippi M, Ourselin S, Goadsby PJ. Biomarkers of migraine and cluster headache: differences and similarities. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(4):729-42.
  • Vollesen AL, Benemei S, Cortese F, Labastida-Ramírez A, Marchese F, Pellesi L, et al. Migraine and cluster headache - the common link. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):89.
  • Abdalla K, Alawneh KZ, Al-Bdour M, Abu-Salih AQ. Migraine and MRI: uncovering potential associations. Head Face Med. 2025;21(1):6.
  • Ferraro S, Nigri A, Demichelis G, Pinardi C, Chiapparini L, Giani L, et al. Understanding cluster headache using magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurol. 2020;11:535.
  • Silvestro M, Tessitore A, Orologio I, Battista G, Siciliano M, Tedeschi G, et al. Cluster headache pathophysiology: what we have learned from advanced neuroimaging. Headache. 2022;62(4):436-52.
  • Abagnale C, Di Renzo A, Giuliani G, Sebastianelli G, Casillo F, Ziccardi L, et al. MRI-based analysis of the microstructure of the thalamus and hypothalamus and functional connectivity between cortical networks in episodic cluster headache. J Headache Pain. 2025;26(1):12.
  • Coppola G, Abagnale C, Sebastianelli G, Goadsby PJ. Pathophysiology of cluster headache: From the trigeminovascular system to the cerebral networks. Cephalalgia. 2024;44(2):3331024231209317.
  • Hansen JM, Schankin CJ. Cerebral hemodynamics in the different phases of migraine and cluster headache. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019;39(4):595-609.
  • Chong CD, Aguilar M, Schwedt TJ. Altered hypothalamic region covariance in migraine and cluster headache: a structural MRI study. Headache. 2020;60(3):553-63.
  • Giorgio A, Lupi C, Zhang J, De Cesaris F, Alessandri M, Mortilla M, et al. Changes in grey matter volume and functional connectivity in cluster headache versus migraine. Brain Imaging Behav. 2020;14(2):496-504.
  • Buture A, Gooriah R, Nimeri R, Ahmed F. Current understanding on pain mechanism in migraine and cluster headache. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;6(3):e35190.
  • Özdikici M. Measurement of the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces in adults with magnetic resonance imaging. Dicle Med J. 2022;49(2):315-23. Turkish.
  • Bertotti G, Fernández-Ruiz V, Roldán-Ruiz A, López-Moreno M. Cluster headache and migraine shared and unique insights: neurophysiological implications, neuroimaging, and biomarkers: a comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 2025;14(7):2160.
  • Giorgio A, De Stefano N. Clinical use of brain volumetry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;37(1):1-14.
  • Holmgren RT, Tisell A, Warntjes MJB, Georgiopoulos C. 3D Quantitative MRI: A fast and reliable method for ventricular volumetry. World Neurosurg. 2025;195:123661.
  • Huang CW, Lui CC, Chang WN, Lu CH, Wang YL, Chang CC. Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(10):1283-6.
  • Güneş M, Özeren E. Effectiveness of bilateral greater and lesser occipital nerve blocks in the prophylaxis of episodic migraine. Duzce Med J. 2021;23(1):93-6.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Central Nervous System
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Oruc Sahin 0000-0003-2552-5527

Early Pub Date November 14, 2025
Publication Date November 27, 2025
Submission Date April 29, 2025
Acceptance Date October 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: Early Access

Cite

APA Sahin, O. (2025). Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients. Duzce Medical Journal(Early Access). https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1685253
AMA Sahin O. Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients. Duzce Med J. November 2025;(Early Access). doi:10.18678/dtfd.1685253
Chicago Sahin, Oruc. “Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients”. Duzce Medical Journal, no. Early Access (November 2025). https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1685253.
EndNote Sahin O (November 1, 2025) Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients. Duzce Medical Journal Early Access
IEEE O. Sahin, “Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients”, Duzce Med J, no. Early Access, November2025, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.1685253.
ISNAD Sahin, Oruc. “Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients”. Duzce Medical Journal Early Access (November2025). https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.1685253.
JAMA Sahin O. Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients. Duzce Med J. 2025. doi:10.18678/dtfd.1685253.
MLA Sahin, Oruc. “Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients”. Duzce Medical Journal, no. Early Access, 2025, doi:10.18678/dtfd.1685253.
Vancouver Sahin O. Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Indices in Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients. Duzce Med J. 2025(Early Access).