AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES 31 AND 33 OF THE STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Year 2019, Volume: 24 Issue: 41, 257 - 292, 23.12.2019

Sibel Safi

Abstract

The ideal of the protection of human rights and therefore the
punishment of the most horrific crimes against humanity and the failure to
punish these crimes in national judicial systems have been reason in the
development of International Criminal Law. Human rights law is based on the
idea of fair trial and protection of the accused and the victim, but the
development of international criminal law focuses on the concept of prosecution
mostly. This article will provide an analysis of the provision of Article 31 of the
ICC Statute under the heading of the „Reasons for defences for the Criminal
Liability‟ and Article 33 of the ICC under the heading of „order of superior‟ in
the context of human rights. It will also analyze whether the international
criminal law system strikes a balance between the obligation to punish the most
horrific crimes and the respect for the fundamental rights of humanity, referring
to the reasons for excluding the responsibility of accused in modern criminal law
systems and the way in which the justifications is regulated at the proceedings of
the international criminal courts before the ICC and ICC.

Keywords

International Criminal Court, Article 31 and 33 of the ICC Statute, justifications, defences, human rights

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Statüsü’nün 31. ve 33. Maddelerinin İnsan Hakları Bağlamında Analizi

Abstract

İnsan haklarının korunması ideali ve dolayısıyla insanlığa karşı işlenmiş en korkunç suçların cezalandırılması ve bu suçların ulusal yargı sistemlerinde cezalandırılmaması/cezalandırılamaması kaygısı Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunun gelişmesine vesile olmuştur. İnsan hakları hukuku, adil yargılanma ve sanığın ve mağdurun korunması fikrine dayanarak gelişmiştir, ancak uluslararası ceza hukukunun gelişiminde insan hakları bağlamında daha çok kovuşturma kavramına odaklanılmıştır. Hatta Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesinin Roma Statüsü hazırlanırken, Statü'nün sanığın sorumluluğunu dışlayan savunmalara referans içermesi gerekip gerekmediği konusunda büyük tartışmalar yaşanmıştır. Bu makalede, UCM Statüsü’nün ‘Cezai Sorumluluktan Kurtulma Gerekçeleri’başlığı altında düzenlenen 31.maddesi ve ‘Üst Makamın Emrini’ içeren 33.maddesi hükümlerinin insan hakları bağlamında analizi yapılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, modern ceza hukuku sistemlerinde kusur yeteneğini ortadan kaldıran nedenler ve hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinin düzenlenme şekline ve UCM öncesi uluslararası ceza mahkemelerinin yargılamalarına da atıf yapılarak, uluslararası ceza hukuku sisteminin en korkunç suçların cezalandırılması zorunluluğu ile insanların temel haklarına saygı gösterilmesi arasında bir denge kurup kuramadığı hususları ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

uluslararası ceza mahkemesi, UCM Statüsü 31. ve 33. maddeleri, hukuka uygunluk nedenleri, kusuru etkileyen nedenler

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