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ALMANYA'NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ

Year 2024, , 379 - 401, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1400252

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği perspektifinden yola çıkarak Alman dış politikasının dinamiklerindeki değişimi incelemek ve söz konusu faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Politik tercihleri şekillendiren teorik unsurlar, Almanya’nın hedeflerini oluşturmakta ve Pragmatizm-Normativizm çelişkisini incelemeye imkân tanımaktadır. Ana kalemler olan ticaret ve güvenlik uygulamalarının, periferide incelenmesi, çelişkilerin etkilerini anlamak için önemlidir. Böylece, çevre aktörler üzerinden takip edilen bir politika yapımı, normlar ve pragmatizm arasındaki sıkışmışlığın ortaya konulmasını kolaylaştıracaktır. Alman ekonomi modelinin ürettiği teknoloji yoğun unsurların alıcısı olup, karşılığında hammadde ihraç eden bir aktörün varlığı, Pragmatizme dair uygulamaların somut olarak görülmesini sağlamaktadır. Aynı aktörün, Alman siyasi kültürü ile normatif farklılık göstermesi, istenilen karşılaştırmayı yapmaya imkân verecektir. Çalışmada bu şartları karşılayan unsurlara odaklanılmasının nedeni, kendisiyle ilişki içerisindeki her demokratik aktör için normatif politikalar ile pragmatik tercihler arasındaki çatışmayı tetikleme kapasitesidir

References

  • Adelson, R. (1995). London and the invention of the Middle East: Money, power, and war 1902-1922. Yale University Press.
  • Ahronheim, A. (2017, May 21). Ministers concerned Saudi arms deal might blunt Israel's military edge. Jerusalem Post.
  • Akdemir, E. (2018). Avrupa Birliği’nin dış ilişkileri ve politikası: Avrupa Birliği’nin bütünleş(eme)mesi üzerine bir inceleme. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 17(2), 181-218.
  • Al Yafai, F. (2018, November 28). Angela Merkel’s legacy in the Middle East. Euractiv. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/opinion/angela-merkels-legacy-in-the-middle-east/
  • Archick, K. (2016). The European Union: Current challenges and future prospects. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service.
  • Arı, T. (2012). Geçmişten günümüze Orta Doğu: Siyaset, savaş ve diplomasi. Marmara Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Balzacq, T., Dombrowski, P., & Reich, S. (Eds.). (2019). Comparative grand strategy: A framework and cases. Oxford University Press. Barcelona Declaration. (1995, November 27-28). Retrieved April 20, 2019, from http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/euromed/docs/bd_en.pdf
  • Baumann, R., & Hellmann, G. (2001). Germany and the use of military force: Total war, the culture of restraint and the quest for normality. German Politics, 10(1), 61-82.
  • Belkin, P. (2010). German foreign and security policy: Trends and transatlantic implications. Library of Congress, Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
  • Brown, L. C. (1987). The Middle East: Patterns of change 1947-1987. The Middle East Journal, 26-39.
  • Clark, C. (2006). Iron Kingdom: The rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. Harvard University Press.
  • Cordesman, A. (2015). Military spending and arms sales in the Gulf. Center for Strategic & International Studies, CSIS Reports.
  • Cordesman, A., & Harrington, N. (2018). The Arab Gulf states and Iran: Military spending, modernization, and the shifting military balance. Center for Strategic & International Studies.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2018, December 7). U.S-Saudi Arabia relations. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-saudi-arabia-relations
  • Deutsche Bank. Deutsche Securities Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.db.com/dssa/
  • European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR). (2019). Arms exports: Germany momentarily lifts the ban on exports for Saudi government. Retrieved November 10, 2023, from https://www.ecdhr.org/arms-exports-germany-momentarily-lifts-the-ban-on-exports-for-saudi-government/
  • European Parliament. (1997). Amsterdam Treaty. Retrieved April 16, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/treaty/pdf/amst-en.pdf European Parliament. Treaty of Lisbon. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/powers-and-procedures/the-lisbon-treaty
  • European Parliament. (2001). Nice Treaty. Retrieved April 17, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-the-treaties/treaty-of-nice
  • Göze, A. (1982). Siyasal düşünce tarihi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Hukuk Fakültesi.
  • Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures: Civil war, Saudi adventurism and the future of Arabia. Oxford University Press.
  • Luttwak, E. (1998). From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. National Interest.
  • Merriman, J. (2009). A history of modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the present. WW Norton & Company.
  • Munich Security Conference. (2014). Retrieved October 12, 2023, from https://www.securityconference.de/en/activities/munich-security-conference/munich-security-conference/msc-2014/
  • Ortaylı, İ. (1998). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Alman nüfusu. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Urwin, D. (2014). The community of Europe: A history of European integration since 1945. Routledge.

GERMANY'S MİDDLE EAST FOREIGN POLICY: THE PROCESS FROM PRAGMATISM TO NORMATIVE APPROACH

Year 2024, , 379 - 401, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1400252

Abstract

From the perspective of EU, this study aims to examine the dynamics of German foreign policy and the factors of momentum. Theoretical principles that design political choices constitute a path for Germany. This path gives an opportunity for analysing the dilemma between Pragmatism and Normativism. For understanding the impact of this dilemma, trade&security related applications should be studied in periphery. Thus, it would highlight the pressure of policy making between norms and pragmatism. The presence of an actor that purchases high tech German economic output, in return exporting raw materials can provide a solid example of pragmatism in bilateral relations on the condition that same actor has normative differences in political culture. This comparison will provide an example of policy dilemmas between pragmatism and normative attitudes.

References

  • Adelson, R. (1995). London and the invention of the Middle East: Money, power, and war 1902-1922. Yale University Press.
  • Ahronheim, A. (2017, May 21). Ministers concerned Saudi arms deal might blunt Israel's military edge. Jerusalem Post.
  • Akdemir, E. (2018). Avrupa Birliği’nin dış ilişkileri ve politikası: Avrupa Birliği’nin bütünleş(eme)mesi üzerine bir inceleme. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 17(2), 181-218.
  • Al Yafai, F. (2018, November 28). Angela Merkel’s legacy in the Middle East. Euractiv. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/opinion/angela-merkels-legacy-in-the-middle-east/
  • Archick, K. (2016). The European Union: Current challenges and future prospects. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service.
  • Arı, T. (2012). Geçmişten günümüze Orta Doğu: Siyaset, savaş ve diplomasi. Marmara Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Balzacq, T., Dombrowski, P., & Reich, S. (Eds.). (2019). Comparative grand strategy: A framework and cases. Oxford University Press. Barcelona Declaration. (1995, November 27-28). Retrieved April 20, 2019, from http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/euromed/docs/bd_en.pdf
  • Baumann, R., & Hellmann, G. (2001). Germany and the use of military force: Total war, the culture of restraint and the quest for normality. German Politics, 10(1), 61-82.
  • Belkin, P. (2010). German foreign and security policy: Trends and transatlantic implications. Library of Congress, Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
  • Brown, L. C. (1987). The Middle East: Patterns of change 1947-1987. The Middle East Journal, 26-39.
  • Clark, C. (2006). Iron Kingdom: The rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. Harvard University Press.
  • Cordesman, A. (2015). Military spending and arms sales in the Gulf. Center for Strategic & International Studies, CSIS Reports.
  • Cordesman, A., & Harrington, N. (2018). The Arab Gulf states and Iran: Military spending, modernization, and the shifting military balance. Center for Strategic & International Studies.
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2018, December 7). U.S-Saudi Arabia relations. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-saudi-arabia-relations
  • Deutsche Bank. Deutsche Securities Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.db.com/dssa/
  • European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR). (2019). Arms exports: Germany momentarily lifts the ban on exports for Saudi government. Retrieved November 10, 2023, from https://www.ecdhr.org/arms-exports-germany-momentarily-lifts-the-ban-on-exports-for-saudi-government/
  • European Parliament. (1997). Amsterdam Treaty. Retrieved April 16, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/treaty/pdf/amst-en.pdf European Parliament. Treaty of Lisbon. Retrieved April 18, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/powers-and-procedures/the-lisbon-treaty
  • European Parliament. (2001). Nice Treaty. Retrieved April 17, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-the-treaties/treaty-of-nice
  • Göze, A. (1982). Siyasal düşünce tarihi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Hukuk Fakültesi.
  • Hill, G. (2017). Yemen endures: Civil war, Saudi adventurism and the future of Arabia. Oxford University Press.
  • Luttwak, E. (1998). From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. National Interest.
  • Merriman, J. (2009). A history of modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the present. WW Norton & Company.
  • Munich Security Conference. (2014). Retrieved October 12, 2023, from https://www.securityconference.de/en/activities/munich-security-conference/munich-security-conference/msc-2014/
  • Ortaylı, İ. (1998). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Alman nüfusu. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Urwin, D. (2014). The community of Europe: A history of European integration since 1945. Routledge.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects European and Region Studies, International Politics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serhat Kaya 0000-0002-3832-8234

Arda Can Çelik 0000-0003-3325-7112

Early Pub Date May 29, 2024
Publication Date May 31, 2024
Submission Date December 5, 2023
Acceptance Date February 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kaya, S., & Çelik, A. C. (2024). ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(27), 379-401. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1400252
AMA Kaya S, Çelik AC. ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. May 2024;14(27):379-401. doi:10.53092/duiibfd.1400252
Chicago Kaya, Serhat, and Arda Can Çelik. “ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 27 (May 2024): 379-401. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1400252.
EndNote Kaya S, Çelik AC (May 1, 2024) ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14 27 379–401.
IEEE S. Kaya and A. C. Çelik, “ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ”, Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 27, pp. 379–401, 2024, doi: 10.53092/duiibfd.1400252.
ISNAD Kaya, Serhat - Çelik, Arda Can. “ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 14/27 (May 2024), 379-401. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1400252.
JAMA Kaya S, Çelik AC. ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;14:379–401.
MLA Kaya, Serhat and Arda Can Çelik. “ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 27, 2024, pp. 379-01, doi:10.53092/duiibfd.1400252.
Vancouver Kaya S, Çelik AC. ALMANYA’NIN ORTA DOĞU DIŞ POLİTİKASI: PRAGMATİZMDEN NORMATİF YAKLAŞIMA UZANAN SÜREÇ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;14(27):379-401.

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