AVRUPA’DAKİ AŞIRI SAĞ PARTİLERİN İDEOLOJİK YAPISI

Abstract

Bu çalışma, popülist aşırı sağ partilerin Batı Avrupa'da yeniden yükselişini incelemekte ve son yıllarda neden bu kadar başarılı olduklarının ideolojik bileşenlerini ve yaşanan bu yükselişin ideolojik temellerini açıklamaktadır. Daha önce Cas Mudde tarafından yapılan çalışmalardan yola çıkarak popülist aşırı sağın hem asgari, hem de azami ideolojik özellikleri sunulacaktır. Asgari ideolojik tanım, bu tür partilerin ideolojik omurgasını tanımlar ve açıklık ve ayrıcalık avantajından yararlanırken; aynı zamanda popülist aşırı sağ ailesinin üyeleri olarak birçok araştırmacı tarafından kabul edilen bazı partileri dışlama riskini de taşımaktadır. Azami ideolojik tanımlama, daha kapsayıcı bir teorileştirme oluşturur. Bu tanımlama sınır çizgilerini daha bulanık hale getirme riskini taşıyor olsa da; potansiyel dışlama olasılığını azaltır. Böylece araştırma sonuçlarına daha iyi hizmet edebilmektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmada aşırı sağ partilerin yükselişini açıklayan teorik yaklaşımlarla birlikte bu partilerin odaklandığı (yabancı karşıtlığı, İslamofobi, göç ve AB şüpheciliği) temalara da değinilecektir. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This study examines the resurgence of populist far- right parties in Western Europe and explains the ideological components of why they have been so successful in the last decades. Based on Cas Mudde’s previous studies, both the minimum and maximum ideological characteristics of the populist extreme right will be presented. The minimum ideological definition defines the ideological backbone of such parties; while benefiting from the advantage of openness and privilege, it also carries the risk of exclusion from certain parties accepted by many researchers as members of the populist extreme right family. The maximum ideological definition constitutes a more inclusive theorization: the risk of making the border lines more turbulent, but this reduces the likelihood of potential exclusion and thus serves the research results better. In addition, the theoretical approaches that explain the rise of right-wing parties and the themes (xenophobe, Islamophobia, immigration and EU skepticism) of these parties will be discussed.

Keywords

• Aşırı Sağ
• Nativizm
• Popülizm
• Otoriterlik
• Batı Avrupa

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