MDAÜ ÜLKELERİNDE BOŞANMANIN SOSYOEKONOMİK NEDENLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 21, 30 - 56, 23.05.2021

Pınar Çuhadar , Reyhan Cafrı

https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.861777

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The paper examines the relationship between divorce rates and socioeconomic variables in CEE countries whose economic and political regimes were changed from communism to capitalism. Factors such as regime change have been ignored, although there are many studies that examine the impact of changing gender roles and female labor force participation on the family structure. This study focuses on the impact of socio-economic impacts on divorce as well as regime change. Panel LM unit root test was used with the aim of finding out whether the destabilizing effect of divorce rates in CEE countries was permanent after the regime change. Also, panel data regression was employed to determine the social l factors that affected divorce rates from the years between 2008 nd 2017. The Czech Republic appears to have left behind the shock effect it experienced on divorce rates, which is considered to be a result of the country’s closeness to liberal values from past to present. The result of panel regression was supported the fact that growth rate and openness have a significant negative effect on divorce rates.

Keywords

Divorce Rate, Socioeconomic Transition, Panel Data Analysis

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DIVORCE RATES IN CEE COUNTRIES

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ekonomik ve siyasi rejim değişimi ile komünizmden kapitalizme geçen Merkezi ve Doğu Avrupa (MDA) ülkelerindeki boşanma oranları ile sosyoekonomik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Değişen cinsiyet rollerinin ve kadınların işgücüne katılımının aile yapısı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen birçok çalışma olmakla birlikte rejim değişikliği gibi faktörlerin etkisi çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerle birlikte rejim değişikliğini boşanma üzerindeki etkisine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada MDA ülkelerindeki boşanma oranlarının istikrarsızlaştırıcı etkisinin rejim değişikliğinden sonra kalıcı olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla 1960-2016 yılları için LM panel birim kök testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, 2008-2017 yılları arasındaki boşanma oranlarını etkileyen sosyal faktörleri belirlemek için panel veri regresyonuna başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, geçmişten günümüze liberal değerlere yakınlığı ile Çek Cumhuriyeti’nin boşanma oranları konusunda yaşadığı şokun etkisini geride bıraktığını göstermektedir. Panel regresyonu sonucu, büyüme hızı ve dışa açıklığın boşanma oranları üzerinde önemli bir olumsuz etkiye sahip olduğu görüşünü de desteklemektedir

Keywords

Boşanma Oranları, Sosyoekonomik Geçiş, Panel Veri Analizi

References

• Amato, P., and Beattie, B. (2011),“ Does the Unemployment Rate Affect the Divorce Rate? An Analysis of State Data 1960–2005”. Social Science Research, 40, 705–715.
• Asteriou, D. and Hall, S. G. (2007), “Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach Using Reviews and Microfit ( Revised ed.)”, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
• Balerdinelli, S. (2002), “The Evolution of Family Institutions and Its Impact on Society and Business.” Family Business Review, 15(3): p.169-174. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00169.x
• Balestrino, A., Ciardi, C., and Mammini, C. (2013), “On the Causes and Consequences of Divorce”. The Journal of Socio-Economics. 45: p.1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socec.2013.02.006
• Baltagi, B. (2008), “Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (4th ed.)”. United Kingdom, UK: John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
• Basten, S., and Frejka, T. (2015), “Fertility and Family Policies in Central and Eastern Europe”. Barnett Papers in Social Research, p.15-01 https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/283825592_Fertility_and_Family_Policies_in_Cenral_and_Estern_Europe_with_S_Basten_Barnett_Papers_in_Social_Research_in_1501_Department_of_Social_Policy_and _Intervention_University_of_Oxford_2015 (01.06.2018)
• Becker, G. (1991), “A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge”, MA. Harvard University Press.
• Cerrato, J. and Cifre, E.(2018), “Gender Inequality in Household Chores and Work-family Conflict”. Front.Psychol, 9: p.1330. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330.
• Chorvãt, I. (2007), “Family and Women in Central and Eastern Europe: The Significance of Traditional Roles after Socialism”. http:// akademickrepozitar.sk/sk/repozitar/family–and-women in cenral and eastern-europe-the-significance-of-traditional-roles-after-socialism.pdf. (11.02.2019).
• Clayton, R., Nagurney, A., and Smity, J. (2013), “Cheating, Breakup, and Divorce: Is Facebook Use to Blame”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networkıng, 16(10): p. 717-720. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0424.
• Davidson, R., and MacKinnon, J. (2003),“Econometric Theory and Methods”. United Kingdom, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Dohotariu, A. (2015), “The Unmarried Couple in Post Communist Romania: A Qualitive Sociological Approach”, The History of the Family, 20(4): p.579-592 doi: 10.1080/1081602X.2015.1012645
• Fahey, T. (2013), “Divorce Trends and Patterns in the Western World: A Socio-legal Overview”, Working Papers 201320, Geary Institute, University College Dublin. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ucd/wpaper/201320.html (03.05.2018).
• Frey, P. (2010),“ How Technological Advances Have Impacted Marriage in America”, Master Dissertation, Georgetown University-Washington. https://repository.library.Georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553732/freyPatrick.pdf;sequence= (03.04.2019).
• Fodor, E., Glass, C., Kavachi, J., and Popescu, L. (2002), “Family Policies and Gender in Hungary, Poland and Romania”, Communist and Post Communist Studies, 35(4): p.476-490. doi: 10.1016/S0967-067X(02)00030-2
• Frıedlmeier, M., and Frıedlmeier, W. (2012),“ Continuity and Change in Family Structures, Family Relations and Values in Eastern European Countrıes after the Collapse of Communism”, Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 16 (2): p. 165-170.
• Frejka, T. (2008). “Overview Chapter 5: Determinants of Family Formation and Childbearing during the Societal Transition in Central and Eastern Europe”, Demographic Research, 19(7): p. 139-170. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.7
• González-Val, M. and Marcénb, M. (2012),“Breaks in the Breaks: An Analysis of Divorce rates in Europe”, International Review of Law and Economics, 32: 242– 255. doi: 10.1016/j.irle.2012.01.005.
• Gray, J. (1998), “Divorce-law Changes, Household Bargaining, and Married Women's Labor Supply”, The American Economic Review, 88(3): p. 628-642.
• Greene, W. (2003), “ Econometric Analysis (5th ed.)”, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Heaton, T., Cammack, M. and Young, L. (2001), “Why is the Divorce Rate Declining in Indonesia?”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 63: p.480-490.
• Hendrix, L. and Pearson, W. (1995), “Spousal Interdependence, Female Power and Divorce: A Cross-cultural Examination”, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26( 2): p.217-232.
• Hoechle, D. (2007), “Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-sectional Dependence”, Stata Journal, 7(3): p.1-31.
• Horne, R. and Johnson, M. (2018), “A Labor of Love? Emotion Work in Intimate Relationships”, Journal of Social and Personel Relationship, p.1-20. doi:10.1177/0265407518756779.
• Im, K. S., Lee, J., and Tieslau, M.(2010), “Panel LM Unit Root Tests with Trend Shifts”. FDIC Center for Financial Research Working Paper, No. 2010-1. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/cfr/ ( 02.05.2019).
• Kalmijn, M. (2007). “Explaining Cross-national Differences in Marriage, Cohabitation, and Divorce in Europe,1990-2000”, Population Studies, 61 (3): p.243-263.
• Khazova, O. (2010), “Family Law on Post-Soviet European Territory: A Comparative Overview of Some Recent Trends”, Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, 14 (1).
• Lee, S., and Chae, Y. (2007), “Children’s Internet Use in a Family Context: Influence on Family Relationships and Parental Mediation”, Cyberpsychology & Behavıor, 10 (5): 640-644. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.9975 .
• Leopold, T.(2018), “Gender Differences in the Consequences of Divorce: A Study of Multiple Outcomes”, Demography, 55: p.769–797, doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0667-6.
• Maslauskalite,A., Jasilioniene,A., Jasilionis, D., Stankuniene, V. and Shkolnikov, V. (2015), “Socio-economic Determinants of Divorce in Lithuania: Evidence From Register Based Census Linked Data”, Demographic Research, 33(30): p.871-908.
• Meriç, Ü. (1989), “İleri Endüstri Toplumlarında Aile Kurumu Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3(1).
• Morgan, L. A., Kitson, G. C., and Kitson, J. T. (1992),“ The Economic Fallout from Divorce: Issues for the 1990s”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 13(4): p.435-443.
• Polert, A. (2003), “Women, Work and Equal Opprtunities in Post Communist Transition”, Work, Employment and Society, 17: p.331-357. doi: 10.1177/0950017003017002006.
• Ono, H. (2003),“Women’s Economic Standing, MarriageTtiming, and Cross-national Contexts of Gender”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 65: p.275–286.
• Olah, L. (2015),“Changing Families in the European Union: Trends and Policy Implications”, Analytical Paper, prepared for the United Nations Expert Group Meeting, New York.
• Pearson, W., and Hendrix, L. (1979), “Divorce and the Status of Women”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 41( 2): p. 375-385.
• Robila, M. (2004), “Families in Eastern Europe: Context, Trends And Variation”, Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, 5: p.1–14. doi: 10.1016/S1530-3535(04)05001-0
• Robila, M. (2011), “Family Policy in Eastern Europe: Developments and Recommendations”, http://scholar .google.com.tr?q=Family+Policy+in+ Eastern+ Europe+Developments+and+Recommendation&hl&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=schola. (05.02.2019).
• Robila, M. (2012), “Family Policies in Eastern Europe: A Focus on Parental Leave”, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21 (1): p. 32-41.
• Rogers, S. J. (2004), “ Dollars, Dependency and Divorce: Four Perspectives on the Role of Wives’Income”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(1): p.59-74.
• Schaller, J. (2013), “For Richer, if Not for Poorer? Marriage and Divorce over the Business Cycle”, Journal of Population Economics, 26(3): p. 1007-1033.
• Sobotka, T. (2011), “Fertility in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, Collapse and Gradual Recovery”, Historical Social Research, 36(2): p.246-296. doi: 10.12759/hsr/36.2011.2.246-296
• South, S. (1985), “Economic Conditions and the Divorce Rate: A Time-Series Analysis of the Postwar United States”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 47(1): p.31-41.
• Styrc , M., and Matysiak, A. (2012), “Women’s Employment and Marital Stability: The role of the Context”, Studia Demografıczne, 1(161): p. 81-101.
• Valenzuela, S., Halpern, D., and Katz, J. E. (2014), “Social Network Sites, Marriage Well-Being and Divorce: Survey and State-level Evidence from the United States”, Computers in Human Behavior, 36: p.94-101.
• White, L, and Rogers, S. J. (2000), “Economic Circumstances and Family Outcomes: A Review of the 1990s”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4): p.1035-1051.
• Thornton, A., and Philipov, D.(2007),“Developmental Idealism and Family and Demographic Change in Central and Eastern Europe”, http://www.ocaw.ac.at/fileadmin (25.02.2019).
• Thornton, A., and Philipov, D. (2009), “Sweeping Changes in Marriage, Cohabitation and Childbearing in Central and Eastern Europe: New Insights from the Developmental Idealism Framework”, European Journal of Population, 25(2): p. 123-156. doi: 10.1007/s10680-009-9181-2.
• Trent, K., and South, S. J. (1989), “Structural Determinants of the Divorce Rate: A Cross-Societal Analysis”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51(2): p. 391-404.
• Vignoli, D., Matysiak, A., Styrc, M., and Tocchioni, V.(2018), “The Positive Impact of Women’s Employment on Divorce: Context, Selection, or Anticipation”, Demographıc Research, 38(37), p. 1059-1110.
• White, L., and Rogers, S. (2000),“ Economic Circumstances and Family Outcomes: A Review of the 1990s”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, p.1035–1051.
• Wooldridge, J. (2002), “ Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel data”, London: The MIT Press. Yılancı, V., Zeren, F., ve Arı, A. (2013), “Tüketim-Gelir oranı Güneydoğu Asya Ülkelerinde Durağan mı: Panel Birim Kök Testi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(21): s. 130-139.
• Yip, P., Yousuf, S., Chan, C., Yung, T., and Wu, K. (2015), “The Roles of Culture and Gender in the Relationship between Divorce and Suicide Risk: A Meta Analysis”, Social Science & Medicine, 128, p. 87-94.
• Yodannis, C. (2005), “Divorce Culture and Marital Gender Equality A Cross-National study”, Gender and Society, 19 (5), p.644-659.
• Zheng, S., Duan, Y., and Ward, M. R. (2019), “The Effect of Broadband Internet on Divorce in China”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 139, p. 99-114.