ÇİN DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA ORTA DOĞU’NUN YERİ

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 27, 40 - 54, 31.05.2024

Mehmet Alkış

https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1312148

Abstract

Bu çalışma Orta Doğu’nun Çin dış politikasındaki yerini inceleyecektir. Orta Doğu bir bölge olarak dünya siyaseti ve ekonomisi için önemli bir yere sahiptir. Çin de uluslararası sistemdeki önemli bir küresel güç olarak bölge ile yakın ilişkiler içerisindedir. Geçmişi eski çağlara kadar giden Çin’in Orta Doğu ile ilişkileri Soğuk Savaş döneminde sınırlı düzeyde olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Çin’in ekonomik yükselişine paralel bir biçimde artan enerji kaynakları ihtiyacı bölgeye yönelik pragmatik bir politika izlemesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Şi Jinping dönemi ile Çin dış politikasında daha etkin olmayı hedeflemektedir. Önceki dönemlerde uluslararası sistemin diğer büyük güçlerine göre etkinlik kurma konusunda geç kaldığını düşünen Çin bu durumu lehine çevirme arayışı içerisindedir. Bu bakımdan ağırlıklı olarak ekonomik niteliği ön planda olan bölge ile ilişkilerinde siyasi ve güvenlik boyutlarını da geliştirmek istemektedir. Çin’in ticaret ve enerji nakil hatlarını geliştirmeyi amaçlayan Kuşak-Yol Projesi için Orta Doğu önemli bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Ticaret, enerji kaynaklarının yanında bölgenin güvenliği de Çin açısından önem kazanmaktadır. Çin özellikle bölgedeki bölgesel güçler ile yakın ilişkiler kurarak etkinliğini arttırma yoluna gitmektedir. Bölgesel dinamiklerin yanında küresel dinamikler de Çin’in bölgeye yönelik politikalarını etkilemektedir. Fakat Çin, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin bölgedeki güvenlik taahhütlerinin sağladığı istikrar çerçevesinde etkinliğini sürdürme politikasını takip etmektedir. Bununla beraber dünya ekonomisi ve siyasetinde yeni bir aşamaya geçen Çin-ABD rekabeti bölgeyi de etkisi altına alma potansiyeli taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Orta Doğu, Kuşak-Yol Projesi, Çin, Güvenlik

THE MIDDLE EAST IN CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY

Abstract

This study will examine the place of the Middle East in Chinese foreign policy. The Middle East, as a region, has an important place for world politics and economy. As an important global power in the international system, China is in close relations with the region. Going back to ancient times, China's relations with the Middle East were limited during the Cold War era. The increasing need for energy resources in parallel with the economic rise of China brought along a pragmatic policy towards the region in the post-Cold War era. By the Xi Jinping era, China aims to be more active in its foreign policy. Considering that it was late in establishing an activity compared to other great powers of the international system in the previous periods, China has been seeking to alter this situation to its advantage. In this respect, it also aims to develop its political and security dimensions in its relations with the region, which has a predominantly economic quality. The Middle East is in an important position for the Belt-Road Initiative, which aims to develop China's trade and energy transmission lines. In addition to trade and energy resources, the security of the region is also important for China. China has been trying to increase its effectiveness by establishing close relations with regional powers in the region. Besides regional dynamics, global dynamics also affect China's regional policies. China follows the policy of maintaining its effectiveness within the framework of the stability provided by the security commitments of the United States of America (US) in the region. However, the US-China competition, which has entered a new stage in the world economy and politics, has also the potential to affect the region as well.

Keywords

Middle East, Belt-Road Initiative, China, Security

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