A BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS INSIGHT TO ECONOMIC LIVES OF THE POOR IN TURKEY: A CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS FOR 2006 AND 2019

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 28, 698 - 718, 30.11.2024

Feyza Ozdinc , Hüseyin Özel

https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1447476

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic behavior patterns of the low-income level of people in Turkey. In order to investigate how economically disadvantaged people live in Turkey, a cross-section analysis will be conducted for 2006 and 2019 from the Household Budget Survey, a survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT).
Demographics, how the poor earn their money, how the poor spend their money and their economic and infrastructural environment are going to be explored by sorting data from three different data sets that are included in the Household Budget Survey.
The need to study the poor in Turkey rose because like it is around the world poverty is an unresolved issue in this country. Given that the poverty issue remains unsolved, it has become necessary and inevitable to look from a new perspective. Thus, in this study a Behavioral Economics perspective is going to be used to explain the lives of poor people and some policy suggestions will be made.

Keywords

Poverty, behavioral patterns, Cross-section analysis, Welfare.

TÜRKİYE'DEKİ DÜŞÜK GELİR GRUBUNUN EKONOMİK HAYATLARININ DAVRANIŞSAL EKONOMİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ: 2006 VE 2019 YILLARI İÇİN KESİT ANALİZİ

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı Türkiye'deki düşük gelir grubunda bulunan insanların ekonomik davranış kalıplarını araştırmaktır. Ekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı kişilerin Türkiye'de nasıl yaşadığını araştırmak amacıyla Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından yürütülen Hanehalkı Bütçe Araştırması'ndan 2006 ve 2019 yılları için kesit analizi yapılacaktır.
Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi'nde yer alan üç farklı veri setinden elde edilen veriler sıralanarak demografik bilgiler, yoksulların paralarını nasıl kazandığı, yoksulların paralarını nasıl harcadıkları, ekonomik ve altyapısal ortamları açıklanacaktır.
Yoksulluğun tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de çözülmemiş bir sorun olması nedeniyle bu ülkede yoksulların araştırılmasına duyulan ihtiyaç artmış bulunmakta ve bu ihtiyaç her geçen gün derinleşmektedir. Yoksulluk sorununu henüz çözülemediğinden dolayı bu konuya yeni bir perspektiften bakmak gerekli ve kaçınılmaz hale gelmiş bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada yoksul insanların yaşamlarını açıklamak için Davranışsal İktisat perspektifi kullanılacak ve bazı politika önerilerinde bulunulacaktır.

Keywords

Yoksulluk, davranış kalıpları, kesit analizi., Refah

Thanks

The head author expresses her gratitude to UNU-WIDER and Dr. Kalle Hirvonen for their contributions.

References

• Anand, P., & Lea, S. (2011). The psychology and behavioural economics of poverty. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(2), 284-293. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.11.004
• Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2007). "The Economic Lives of the Poor." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (1), 141-168.
• Beaulier, S., & Caplan, B. (2007). Behavioral economics and perverse effects of the welfare state. Kyklos, 60(4), 485-507. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00382.
• Bennedsen, M., Henry, B., Roulet, A., & Stabile, M. (2018). Gender inequality: why are women paid less than men? INSEAD Case Publishing.
• Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2004). A Behavioral-Economics View of Poverty. American Economic Review, 94(2), 419-423. doi:10.1257/0002828041302019.
• Bhattacharya, J., Currie, J., & Haider, S.J. (2004). Poverty, food insecurity, and nutritional outcomes in children and adults. Journal of Health Economics, 23(4), 839-62.
• Blakstad, M.M., Nevins, J.E., Venkatramanan, S., Przybyszewski, E.M., & Haas, J.D. (2020). Iron status is Associated with Worker Productivity, Independent of Physical Effort in Indian Tea Estate Workers. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 37(4), 697-705.
• Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The gender wage gap: extent, trends, and explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 789–865.
• Decker, A. L., Duncan, K., Finn, A. S., & Mabbott, D. J. (2020). Children’s family income is associated with cognitive function and volume of anterior not posterior hippocampus. Nature Communications, 11(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17854-6.
• Haas, J. D., Murdoch, S., Rivera, J., & Martorell, R. (1996). Early nutrition and later physical work capacity. Nutrition reviews, 54(2), 41–48. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03869.x
• Jantti, M., Kanbur, R., Nyyssölä, M., & Pirttilä, J. (2014). Poverty and Welfare Measurement on the Basis of Prospect Theory, Review of Income and Wealth, 60(1: 182-205.
• Jones, M., & Kaya, E. (2022) Organisational gender pay gaps in the UK: What happened post-transparency? IZA DP No., 15342, IZA Institute of Labor Economics.
• Luebker, M. (2014). Income Inequality, Redistribution, and Poverty: Contrasting Raational Choice and Behavioral Perspectives. Review of Income and Wealth, 60(1), 133-154. doi:10.1111/roiw.12100.
• Kim, M., Chen, J., & Weinberg, B.A. (2023). Gender pay gaps in economics: A deeper look at institutional factors. Agricultural Economics. 54, 471–486.
• Mcginnis, S. (2003). Cohabiting, Dating, and Perceived Costs of Marriage: A Model of Marriage Entry. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 105-116.
• Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function. Science, 341(6149), 976-980. doi:10.1126/science.1238041.
• Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 687-696. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.687.
• Mukherjee, K. (2015). Poverty as a cause and consequence of Ill health. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 2, 209-220.
• Nataraj, S. (2012). Health and Poverty: Global Health Problems and Solutions. Women & Health, 52, 314 - 316.
• Peña, M., & Bacallao, J. (2003). Malnutrition and poverty. Annual review of nutrition, 22, 241-53.
• Profeta, P. (2017). Gender Equality in Decision-Making Positions: The Efficiency Gains. Intereconomics 52, 34–3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-017-0640-4.
• Ravallion, M., Chen, S., & Sangraula, P. (2009). Dollar a Day Revisited. The World Bank Economic Review, 23(2), 163-184. doi:10.1093/wber/lhp007.
• Schiff, M. & Valdes, A. (1990). "The link between poverty and malnutrition: a household theoretic approach," Policy Research Working Paper Series 536, The World Bank.
• Stotsky, J. G. (2006). Gender and its Relevance to Macroeconomic Policy: A Survey. IMF Working Paper No. 06/233, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=941295.
• Swinnerton, S. (2006). Living in poverty and its effects on health. Contemporary Nurse, 22, 75 - 80.
• Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save More TomorrowTM: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187. https://doi.org/10.1086/380085.
• Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin Books.
• Thaler, R. H., Sunstein, C. R., & Balz, J. P. (2013). Choice architecture. The behavioral foundations of public policy, 25, 428-439.
• United Nations. (1995). World Summit for Social Development Programme of Action, Chapter 2. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/text version/agreements/poach2.htm.
• Wagstaff, A. (2002). Poverty and health sector inequalities. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80 (2), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862002000200004.
• Watts, T. W., Duncan, G. J., & Quan, H. (2018). Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes. Psychological Science, 29(7), 1159-1177. doi:10.1177/0956797618761661.
• World Bank. (1990). World Development Report: Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
• World Bank. (2020). World Development Report: Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.