Yeşil ve gri altyapı sistemlerinin bulanık analitik hiyerarşi prosesi yardımıyla karşılaştırmalı performans analizi
Year 2022,
, 307 - 317, 28.06.2022
Uğur Ünal
,
Dilek Eren Akyüz
Abstract
Kentsel bölgelerde kullanılan ve geçirimsiz yüzeylerden oluşan gri altyapı sistemleri birtakım kentsel sürdürülebilirlik problemlerine sebep olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu tür problemleri çözmek için gri altyapı sistemleri çözüm olamamakta ve daha farklı bir anlayışa ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Kentsel bölgelerin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için yeşil altyapı gibi çevre dostu sistemlerin kullanımı son yıllarda dünyada da yaygınlaşan ve bu tür problemlerin çözümünde kullanılan uygulamalardır. Bu uygulamalar doğayı taklit ederek doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir şekilde kullanımını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeşil ve gri altyapı sistemlerini kentsel bölgelerin sürdürülebilirliği açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmek ve farklı sürdürülebilirlik göstergelerini temel alarak performans analizi yapmaktır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada yeşil altyapı sistemlerinden olan ıslak ve kuru yağmur hendeklerinin gri altyapı sistemleri ile Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (BAHP) kullanılarak karşılaştırılması yapılmış ve kentsel sürdürebilirlik bakımından performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma amacıyla sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik alt başlıklarında toplam 10 adet sürdürülebilirlik göstergesi ele alınmıştır. Her bir gösterge için literatür araştırmasına dayanan bulanık bir puanlama sistemi oluşturulmuş ve bu puanlar üçgensel bulanık sayıya dönüştürülerek BAHP’de gerekli işlemler yapılıp sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen toplam bulanık öncelik ve durulaştırılmış öncelik tabloları incelendiğinde ıslak ve kuru yağmur hendeklerinin gri altyapı sistemlerine kıyasla kentsel sürdürülebilirlik açısından oldukça üstün bir performansa sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sonuca göre kentsel bölgelerde gri altyapı sistemleri yerine yağmur hendekleri gibi yeşil altyapı uygulamalarının tercih edilmesi bu bölgelerin gelecek nesillere daha sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir şekilde ulaşmasını sağlayacaktır. Dolayısıyla bu tür uygulamaların özellikle yoğun kentsel bölgelerde yaygınlaştırılması ve çevre bilimciler tarafından bölge yöneticilerinin bu konularda bilinçlendirilerek teşvik edilmesi gerekmektedir.
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Year 2022,
, 307 - 317, 28.06.2022
Uğur Ünal
,
Dilek Eren Akyüz
References
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- N.H. Quan, N.D. Hieu, T.T.V. Thu, M. Buchanan, N.D. Canh, M.C.O. Santos, P.D.M.H. Luan, T.T. Hoang, H.L.T. Phung, K.M. Canh, and M. Smith, “Green infrastructure modelling for assessment of urban flood reduction in Ho Chi Minh City,” CIGOS 2019 Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol. 54, pp. 1105-1110, 2020.
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- L.A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy sets, Information and control,” vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965.
- M.M. Özkan, “Bulanık hedef programlama,” Ekin Kitabevi, Bursa, Türkiye, 2003.
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- J.M. Myers, and M.I. Alpert, “Determinant buying attitudes: Meaning and measurement,” Journal of Marketing., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 13-20, 1968.
- T.L. Saaty, “The analytic hierarchy process,” McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1977.
- N. Özgüven, “Vakıf üniversitesi tercihinin analitik hiyerarşi süreci ile belirlenmesi,” Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 30, pp. 279-289, 2011.
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- T.L. Saaty, “The analytic hierarchy process,” McGraw-Hill, Newyork, pp. 37-85, 1980.
- H. Deng, “Multicriteria analysis with fuzzy pairwise comparison,” International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 21, pp. 215-231, 1999.
- P.J.M. Van Laarhoven, and W. Pedrycz, “A fuzzy extension of Saaty’s priority theory”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 11, pp. 229-241, 1983.
- J.J. Buckley, “Fuzzy hierarchical analysis,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 17, 233-247, 1985.
- T.N. Prakash, “Land suitability analysis for agricultural crops: A fuzzy multicriteri decision making approach,” MSc Thesis, ITC Institue, Netherlands, 2003.
- F.T.S. Chan, M.H. Chan, and N.K.H. Tang, “Evaluation methodologies for technology selection,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 107 no. 1-3, pp. 330–337, 2000.
- A.D. Basiago, “Economic, social, and environmental sustainability in development theory and urban planning practice,” The Environmentalist, vol. 19, pp.145-161, 1999.
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- WSCC: West Sussex County Council, “Suds design and adoption guidance, Water people places: A guidance for master planning sustainable drainage into developments,” 2013. Available: https://www.susdrain.org/files/resources/other-guidance/water_people_places_guidance_for_master_planning_sustainable_drainage_into_developments.pdf
- A.M. Hansen, T.E.C. Kraus, S.M. Bachand, W.R Horwath, and P.A.M. Bachand, “Wetlands receiving water treated with coagulants improve water quality by removing dissolved organic carbon and disinfection byproduct precursors,” Science of Total Environment, vol. 622-623, pp. 603-613, 2018.
- B.R. Hensel, and M.V. Miller, “Effects of wetlands creation on groundwater flow,” Journal of Hydrology, vol. 126, no. 3-4, pp. 293-314, 1991.
- M. Jiang, X.G. Lu, L.S. Xu, L.J. Chu, and S.Tong, “Flood mitigation benefit of wetland soil-A case study in Momoge National Nature Reserve in China,” Ecological Economics, vol. 61 no. 2-3, pp. 217-223, 2007.
- EA: Environment Agency, “Rural sustainable drainage systems,” 2012. Available: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/291508/scho0612buwh-e-e.pdf
- C.N. Ceron, A.M. Melesse, R. Price, S.B. Dessu, and H.P. Kandel, “Operational actual wetland evapotranspiration estimation for South Florida using MODIS imagery,” Remote Sensing, vol. 7, pp. 3613-3632, 2015.
- MDE and CWP: Maryland Department of the Environment water management administration and Center for Watershed Protection, “Maryland stormwater design manual,” Vol. I & II, Baltimore, USA, 2000. Available: https://mde.state.md.us/programs/Water/StormwaterManagementProgram/Documents/www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/sedimentstormwater/Introduction.pdf.
- J. Pokorný, J. Květ, and A. Rejšková, “Wetlands as energy-dissipating systems,” Journal of Industrial Microbiololgy & Biotechnology, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1299-1305, 2010.
- M.F. Bakır, S. Akhuy, ve G. Aydemir, “Permakültür el kitabı ve Marmariç örneği,” 2011. Available: http://permacultureturkey.org/wp-content/uploads/permakultur_el_kitabi.pdf
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