Rifampisinin sucul ortamlardan giderimi için farklı teknolojilerin uygulanması: Yakın tarihli bir derleme

Abstract

Antibiyotikler, insan ve veteriner ilaçları olarak ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği ve tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir ilaç grubudur. Son zamanlarda, antibiyotiklerin insanlar ve hayvanlar tarafından tüketildikten sonra tamamen metabolize edilememesi ve klasik atıksu arıtma tesisleri tarafından tamamen uzaklaştırılamaması nedeniyle, ana bileşikler ve bunların metabolitleri sürekli olarak çevresel matrislere atılmakta ve salınmaktadır. Antibiyotiklerin çevresel matrislerde birikmesi ve kalıcılığı, ng/L-μg/L kadar düşük konsantrasyon seviyelerinde bile ekosistemler üzerinde zararlı etkilere yol açabilir. Makrosiklik antibiyotik sınıfına ait olan rifampisin (RIF), tüberküloz tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan en önemli antibiyotiktir. Son zamanlarda, RIF sucul ortamlarda tespit edilmiştir ve etkili bir şekilde giderilmesi gereklidir. Bu derleme, antibiyotik RIF'in kaynakları, akıbeti, etkileri ve giderim prosesleri ile ilgili mevcut bilgi durumunu ele almaktadır. Bu derlemede, RIF giderimi için ileri oksidasyon prosesleri (AOP'ler), adsorpsiyon ve diğer teknolojiler (membran prosesi ve hareketli yataklı biyofilm reaktör) gibi farklı arıtma teknikleri değerlendirilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu teknikler arasında performans ve verimliliğe odaklanılarak bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak adsorpsiyon ve AOP'lerin en çok çalışılan yöntem olduğu ve çalışılan RIF giderim yöntemlerinin hemen hemen hepsinin de başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• rifampisin giderimi
• ileri oksidasyon prosesi
• adsorpsiyon
• degradasyon

The Application of Different Technologies for Removal of Rifampicin From Aquatic Environments: A Recent Review

Abstract

Antibiotics are a group of drugs widely used as human and veterinary drugs and in aquaculture and agriculture. Recently, parent compounds and their metabolites are constantly excreted and released into environmental matrices, due to the fact that antibiotics cannot be completely metabolized after consumption by humans and animals and cannot be completely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants. The accumulation and persistence of antibiotics in environmental matrices can lead to harmful effects on ecosystems, even at concentration levels as low as ng/L to μg/L. Rifampicin (RIF), which belongs to the macrocyclic antibiotic class, is the most important antibiotic widely used in the tuberculosis treatment. Lately, the RIF was detected in aquatic environments and needs to be removal effectively. This review considers the current state of knowledge regarding the sources, fate, effects and removal processes of the antibiotic RIF. In this review, the different treatment techniques such as adsorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and other technologies (membrane process and moving bed biofilm reactor) for RIF removal were evaluated and compared. A comparison between these techniques was made focusing on performance and efficiency. As a result, it was found that adsorption and AOPs were the most studied method and almost all of the studied RIF removal methods were also to be successful.

Keywords

• rifampicin removal
• advanced oxidation process
• adsorption
• degradation

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