Farklı rüzgâr hızı ve güneş radyasyon oranına sahip bölgeler için mikro şebeke tasarımı ve karşılaştırmalı analizi

Öz

Geçtiğimiz on yıllar boyunca küresel enerji talebinin yaklaşık %80’i fosil yakıtlardan karşılanmaktadır. Bu durum hem çevre ve insan sağlığına zarar vermekte hem de fosil yakıtların sınırlı kaynaklar olması nedeniyle enerji arz güvenliğini tehdit etmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları (YEK) bu problemlerin iyi bir çözümü olabilir. Ancak anlık değişebilir özellikleri nedeniyle YEK’lerin tek başına kullanılması yerine birden fazla kaynağın bir arada olduğu hibrit mikro şebekelerin (MŞ) kurulması daha uygun bir çözüm olacaktır. MŞ’lerin performansını arttırmak ve kullanımını yaygınlaştırmak için literatürde yapılan çalışmalar her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada HOMER Pro yazılımı kullanılarak Türkiye’de rüzgâr hızı ve güneş radyasyon değerleri faklı olan Çanakkale, Diyarbakır ve Rize illeri için aynı yükü besleyen fotovoltaik (FV) paneller, rüzgâr türbini (RT), dizel jeneratör (DJ) ve batarya depolama sisteminden (BDS) oluşan bir hibrit MŞ tasarımı yapılmış olup, simülasyon sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonucunda tasarlanan modellerin net bugünkü maliyet (NPC) değerleri Çanakkale, Diyarbakır ve Rize illeri için sırasıyla 153,560.53 $, 228,718.34 $ ve 285,946.32 $ olarak elde edilmiştir. Seviyelendirilmiş enerji maliyet (LCOE) değeri ise aynı sırayla 0.193 $/kWh, 0.293 $/kWh ve 0.366 $/kWh olarak çıkmıştır. Bu değerlere göre Çanakkale için tasarlanan modelin diğer modellerden daha üstün olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca Çanakkale’deki modelde YEK’lerin üretim payı %94.8 ile en yüksek oranda gerçekleşmiştir. Son olarak Çanakkale ilinin sahip olduğu güçlü rüzgâr potansiyelinden dolayı modeli oluşturan bileşenlerin boyutlarının diğer illere göre daha küçük olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikro şebekeler
• Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları
• HOMER Pro
• NPC
• LCOE.

Microgrid design and comparative analysis for regions with different wind speed and solar radiation rate

Abstract

Over the past decades, approximately 80% of global energy demand has been met by fossil fuels. This situation both harms the environment and human health and threatens the security of energy supply since fossil fuels are limited resources. Renewable energy sources (RES) could be a good solution to these problems. However, due to their instantaneous changeable properties, instead of using RESs alone, establishing hybrid microgrids that combine multiple resources would be a more appropriate solution. Studies on improving the performance and increasing the adoption of MGs are increasing every day in the literature. In this study, using HOMER Pro software, hybrid MGs composed of photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), diesel generators (DG), and battery storage systems (BSS) were designed for the Turkish provinces of Çanakkale, Diyarbakır, and Rize, which have different wind speeds and solar radiation values, to supply the same load, and the simulation results were compared. As a result of the simulation, the net present cost (NPC) of the designed models for Çanakkale, Diyarbakır, and Rize was calculated as $153,560.53, $228,718.34, and $285,946.32, respectively. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was $0.193/kWh, $0.293/kWh, and $0.366/kWh, respectively. According to these values, it can be seen that the model designed for Çanakkale was superior to the other models. Moreover, in the model for Çanakkale, the share of RES in total energy generation was the highest at 94.8%. Finally, due to the strong wind potential of Çanakkale province, it was observed that the size of the components constituting the model was smaller compared to other provinces.

Keywords

• Mikro şebekeler
• Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları
• HOMER Pro
• NPC

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