Kromit atıklarının lignin ile susuzlaştırılmasının araştırılması

Öz

Every year, a large amount of chrome ore is produced in our country. Dewatering of tailings resulting from the beneficiation of these ores is one of the problems faced by the mineral processing industry. In this study, flocculation performance was investigated by using lignin in the dewatering of tailings obtained from chrome ore beneficiation. The sample used in the study was obtained from Burdur Yesilova chrome ore beneficiation plant tailings pools. The effects of flocculant dosage, stirring speed, pulp density and suspension pH value on turbidity were investigated. Experimental results using lignin showed that the optimum turbidity value was 24.4 NTU. This study is important in terms of being carried out using tailings from actively operating chrome ore beneficiation plant and determining the flocculation properties of the tailings. By carrying out this study, it has been shown that dewatering these tailings can be done in an effective and environmentally friendly way in order to combat water scarcity in plant and provide clean water to plant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kromit
• atıklar
• flokülasyon
• lignin
• bulanıklık

Investigation of dewatering of chromite tailings with lignin

Abstract

Every year, a large amount of chrome ore is produced in our country. Dewatering of tailings generated during the beneficiation of these ores is one of the problems faced by the mineral processing industry. In this study, flocculation performance was investigated by using lignin in the dewatering of tailings obtained from chrome ore beneficiation. The sample used in the study was obtained from Burdur Yesilova chrome ore beneficiation plant tailings dam. The effects of flocculant dosage, stirring speed, pulp density and suspension pH value on turbidity were investigated. Experimental results using lignin showed that the optimum turbidity value was 24.4 NTU. Flocculation experiments showed that the optimal flocculation conditions were as follows: flocculant dosage of 50 g/t, stirring speed of 250 rpm, pulp density of 15% and pH 9.2. This study is important in terms of being carried out using tailings from actively operating chrome ore beneficiation plant and determining the flocculation properties of the tailings. By carrying out this study, it has been shown that dewatering these tailings can be done in an effective and environmentally friendly way in order to combat water scarcity and supply clean water for reuse in the plant.

Keywords

• Chromite
• tailings
• flocculation
• lignin
• turbidity

References

1. [1] S. K. Das, "Quantitative mineralogical characterization of chrome ore beneficiation plant tailing and its beneficiated products," Int. J. Min. Met. Mater., vol. 22, pp. 335–345, Apr. 2015, doi:10.1007/s12613-015-1078-y.
2. [2] İstanbul Maden İhracatçıları Birliği (İ.M.İ.B.) (2023). “2023 Yılı Maden Sektörü Görünümü Raporu.”
3. [3] B. Amarjargal and T. Taşdemir, “Improving flocculation performance of copper flotation tailings by conventional and new technology polymers,” Water Air Soil Pollut., vol. 234, no. 67, Jan. 2023, doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06088-z.
4. [4] V. H. Dao, N. R. Cameron, and K. Saito, “Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications,” Polym. Chem., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11–25, 2016, doi:10.1039/C5PY01572C.
5. [5] V. Onen, P. Beyazyuz, and E. Yel, “Removal of turbidity from travertine processing wastewaters by coagulants flocculants and natural materials,” Mine Water Environ., vol. 37, pp. 482–492, 2018, doi.org/10. 1007/s10230- 017- 0499-4.
6. [6] A. Khazaie, M. Mazarji, B. Samali, D. Osborne, T. Minkina, S. Sushkova, S. Mandzhiev, and A. Soldatov, “A review on coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of coal slurry,” Water, vol. 14, no. 918, 2022, doi.org/10.3390/w14060918.
7. [7] E. Assaad, A. Azzouz, D. Nistor, A. V. Ursu, T. Sajin, D. N. Miron, F. Monette, P. Niquette, and R. Hausler, “Metal removal through synergic coagulation-flocculation using an optimized chitosan – montmorillonite system,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 37, pp. 258–274, 2007, doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2007.02.007.
8. [8] M. D. Machado, M. S. F. Santos, C. Gouveia, H. M. V. M. Soares, and E. V. Soares, “Removal of heavy metals using a brewer’s yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the flocculation as a separation process,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 2107–2115, 2008, doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.047.

9. [9] M. C. Garcia, A. A. Szogi, M. B. Vanotti, J. P. Chastain, and P. D. Millner, “Enhanced solid–liquid separation of dairy manure with natural flocculants,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, no. 22, pp. 5417–5423, Nov. 2009, doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.012.
10. [10] L. Manfredi, R. J. Hill, and T. G. M. Ven, “Bridging flocculation of PEI-functionalized latex particles using nanocrystalline cellulose,” J. Colloid Interf. Sci., vol. 360, no. 1, pp. 117–123, Aug. 2011, doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.081.
11. [11] Z. Yang, Y Shang, Y. Lu, Y. Chen, X. Huang, A. Chen, Y. Jiang, W. Gu, X. Qian, H. Yang, and R. Cheng, “Flocculation properties of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 172, no. 1, pp. 287–295, Aug. 2011, doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.106.
12. [12] J. Li, S. Jiao, L. Zhong, J. Pan, and Q. Ma, “Optimizing coagulation and flocculation process for kaolinite suspension with chitosan,” Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 428, pp. 100–110, Jul. 2013, doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.034.
13. [13] L. Chai, Q. Li, Q. Wang, and X. Yan, “Solid-liquid separation: an emerging issue in heavy metal wastewater treatment,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 25, pp. 17250–17267, 2018, doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2135-7.
14. [14] B. Wang, S. F. Wang, S. S. Lam, C. Sonne, T. Q. Yuan, G. Y. Song, and R. C. Sun, “A review on production of lignin-based flocculants: sustainable feedstock and low carbon footprint applications,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 134, no. 110384. 2020, doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110384.
15. [15] P. Mousavioun and W. O. Doherty, “Chemical and thermal properties of fractionated bagasse soda lignin,” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 31, pp. 52–58, Jan. 2010, doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.001.
16. [16] J. Chen, A. E. Kazzaz, N. A. Mazandarani, Z. H. Feizi, and P. Fatehi, “Production of flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants from lignin,” Mol., vol. 23, no. 868, Apr. 2018, doi:10.3390/molecules23040868.
17. [17] R. K. Dwari, S. I. Angadi, and S. K. Tripathy, “Studies on flocculation characteristics of chromite’s ore process tailing: Effect of flocculants ionicity and molecular mass,” Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 537, pp. 467-477, 2018, doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.069.
18. [18] N. C. Karmakar, B. S. Sastry, and R. P. Singh, “Flocculation of chromite ore fines suspension using polysaccharide based graft copolymers,” Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 25, pp. 477–478, 2002, doi.org/10.1007/BF02710531.
19. [19] S. Davey, “Amylopectin-graft-hydrolyzed-poly (methyl acrylate) (AP-g-H-PMA) Flocculants for the Treatment of Oil Sands Tailings,” M.S. thesis, Depart. of Chem. and Mater. Eng. Univ. of Alberta, Canada, 2020.
20. [20] F. Oruç and E. Sabah, “Effect of mixing conditions on flocculation performance of fine coal tailings,” in Proc. XXIII IMPC, Istanbul, Türkiye, 2006, pp. 3–8.
21. [21] K. Asgari, H. Khoshdast, F. Nakhaei, M. R. Garmsiri, Q. Huang, and A. Hassanzadeh, “A review on floc-flotation of fine particles: technological aspects, mechanisms, and future perspectives,” Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., vol. 45, pp. 669-696, 2024, doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2023.2236770.
22. [22] M. Ataie, K. Sutherland, L. Pakzad, and P. Fatehi, “Experimental and modeling analysis of lignin derived polymer in flocculating aluminium oxide particles,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 247, no. 116944, 2020, doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116944.
23. [23] W. He, Y. Zhang, and P. Fatehi, “Sulfomethylated kraft lignin as a flocculant for cationic dye,” Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 503, pp. 19–27, Aug. 2016, doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.009.