Organik Rankine Çevriminin Dinamik Model Lineerleştirilmesi ve Model Öngörülü Kontrolü

Öz

Bu araştırma, dört ana bileşenden oluşan bir Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORC) sisteminin kontrolünü incelemektedir: kondenser, türbin, pompa ve buharlaştırıcı. Isı eşanjörleri çift borulu konfigürasyonlar olarak tasarlanmış ve dinamik davranışları hareketli sınır yaklaşımı kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Pompa ve türbin, ısı eşanjörlerine kıyasla çok daha hızlı dinamikleri nedeniyle statik denklemlerle temsil edilmiştir. Çevrimin matematiksel modeli, durum, giriş ve rahatsızlık değişkenlerine göre doğrusal olmayan fonksiyonun Jacobian'ı hesaplanarak lineerleştirilmiştir. Model doğrulama, rastgele giriş dizileri oluşturularak ve bunlar hem geliştirilen ORC modeline hem de aynı özelliklere sahip bir Aspen modeline uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğrulama sonuçları, iki model arasında yalnızca küçük farklılıklar ile güçlü bir uyum göstermektedir. Ardından, lineerleştirilmiş ORC modelini düzenlemek için birkaç eşitsizlik kısıtlaması içeren bir lineer model öngörülü kontrol çerçevesi kurulmuştur. Dört kontrol stratejisi tanıtılmış olup, her biri termodinamik verimliliği artırma veya entropi üretimini azaltma gibi farklı hedeflere odaklanırken, tümü türbin iş çıktısı yörüngesini takip etme ortak hedefini paylaşmaktadır. Simülasyon sonuçları, dört kontrolörün de belirlenen türbin iş çıktısı yörüngesini etkin bir şekilde takip ettiğini göstermektedir. Birinci yasa ve ikinci yasa kontrolörleri, sırasıyla 0.10250 birinci yasa verimliliği ve 0.31732 ikinci yasa verimliliği ile en yüksek ortalama verimliliklere ulaşmıştır. Türbin iş kontrolörü, 2100.17 W olarak kaydedilen en yüksek toplam ekserji yıkım oranını sergilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik Rankine Çevrimi
• Model Öngörülü Kontrol
• Model Lineerizasyonu
• Enerji Verimliliği
• Termal Sistemler

Dynamic Model Linearization and Model Predictive Control of an Organic Rankine Cycle

Abstract

This research investigates the control of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, which consists of four main components: a condenser, a turbine, a pump, and an evaporator. The heat exchangers are designed as double-pipe configurations, and their dynamic behavior is modeled using the moving boundary approach. The pump and turbine, due to their significantly faster dynamics compared to the heat exchangers, are represented with static equations. The cycle’s mathematical model is linearized by computing the Jacobian of the nonlinear function with respect to state, input, and disturbance variables. Model validation is performed by generating pseudo-random input sequences and applying them to both the developed ORC model and an Aspen model with identical specifications. The validation results show strong agreement between the two models, with only minor discrepancies. Subsequently, a linear model predictive control framework is established to regulate the linearized ORC model, incorporating several inequality constraints to ensure safe and efficient operation. Four control strategies are introduced, each focusing on distinct objectives such as enhancing thermodynamic efficiency or reducing entropy generation, while all share the common goal of tracking the turbine work output trajectory. Simulation results indicate that all four controllers effectively follow the specified turbine work output trajectory. The first law and second law controllers achieve the highest average efficiencies, with first law efficiency at 0.10250 and second law efficiency at 0.31732, respectively. The turbine work controller exhibits the highest total exergy destruction rate, recorded at 2100.17 W.

Keywords

• Organic Rankine Cycle
• Model Predictive Control
• Model Lineerization
• Energy Efficiency
• Thermal Systems

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