Isıl işlemin AA6061 alüminyum alaşımı sac metal malzemenin şekillendirilmesine etkilerinin incelenmesi
Year 2018,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 741 - 751, 25.09.2018
Elif Malyer
,
Selda Akgün Kayral
Abstract
Sac metal şekillendirme işlemi, otomotiv, ambalaj ve ev aletleri endüstrileri gibi birçok sektörde uygulama alanı bulan bir üretim yöntemidir. Bükme işlemi de bu üretim yöntemleri arasında en geniş uygulama alanına sahip işlemlerden biridir. Bükme işlemi dâhil tüm sac metal şekillendirme işlemlerinde en temel problem ise geri esnemedir. Geri esneme birçok işlem değişkeninden etkilenmektedir ve malzeme özellikleri bu değişkenlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada yaşlandırma işleminin AA6061 alüminyum alaşımı sac metal malzemelerin geri esneme özelliklerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 1mm kalınlığında AA6061 alüminyum alaşımı sac metal malzeme farklı ısıl işlemlere tabi tutularak farklı numune grupları oluşturulmuştur. Bükme işlemleri için CNC freze tezgâhı ve modüler bükme kalıbından yararlanılmıştır. İşlemlerde dört farklı bükme açısı ile üç farklı bükme radüsü kullanılmış, final bükme açıları imaj işleme yöntemi ile ölçülerek geri esneme miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Kullanılan yöntem ile meydana gelen geri esneme miktarının preste bükmeye kıyasla daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Maksimum geri esneme miktarının yaşlandırıldıktan sonra bükülen numunelerde gözlemlendiği, çözeltiye alındıktan sonra bükülen daha sonra yaşlandırılan numunelerin geri esneme değerlerinde, yaşlandırıldıktan sonra bükülen numunelerin geri esneme değerlerine kıyasla yaklaşık %65 azalma meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Baseri H., Bakhshi-Jooybari, M., Rahmani. B., (2011). Modeling of Spring-Back in V-die Bending Process by Using Fuzzy Learning Back-propagation Algorithm, Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 8894–900.
- Canteli J.A., Cantero ,J.L., Miguélez, M.H., (2009). Theoretical Analysis of Air Bending at High Temperature, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209, 1342–50.
- Chatti S., (2010). Effect of the Elasticity Formulation in Finite Strain on Springback Prediction, Computers and Structures, 88, 796–805.
- Gisario A. , . Barletta, M., Conti, C., Guarino, S., (2011). Springback Control in Sheet Metal Bending by Laser-Assisted Bending: Experimental Analysis, Empirical and Neural Network Modelling, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 49, 1372–83.
- He D., Li, D., Li, X., Jin, C., (2010). Optimization on Springback Reduction in Cold Stretch Forming of Titanium-Alloy Aircraft Skin. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 20, 2350-57.
- Joseph, C.D., (2003). Experimental Measurement and Finite Element Simulation of Springback in Stamping Aluminium Alloy Sheets for Auto- Body Panel Application, (M. Sc.), Mississippi State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
- Kahraman, M., (2008). Levha Malzemelerin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemiyle Geri Esnemesinin İncelenmesi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Kardes Sever N., Mete O. H., Demiralp Y., Choi C., Altan T., (2012). Springback prediction in bending of AHSS-DP 780, Proceedings of NAMRI/SME.
- Li, L., Flores-Johnson, E.A., Shen, L., & Proust, G. (2016). Effects of heat treatment and strain rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 Al alloy, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 25(1), 26-41.
- Lim H., Lee, M.G., Sung, J.H., Kim, J.H., Wagoner, R.H., (2012). Time-Dependent Springback of Advanced High Strength Steels, International Journal of Plasticity, 29, 42–59.
- Ling Y.E., Lee, H.P., Cheok, B.T., (2005). Finite Element Analysis of Springback in L- bending of Sheet Metal, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 168, 296-302.
- Liu J.G., Fu, M.W., Lu, J., Chan, W.L., (2011). Influence of Size Effect on the Springback of Sheet Metal Foils in Microbending, Computational Materials Science, 50, 2604-14.
- Longanathan D., Gnanavelbabu A., Rajkumar K., Ramadoss R., (2014). Effect of Microwave Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Sheet Metal, Procedia Engineering 97, 1692-1697.
- Maisonnette, D., Suery, M., Nelias, D., Chaudet, P., & Epicier, T., (2011). Effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 6061 aluminium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528(6), 2718-2724.
- Meınders T., Burchitz, I.A., Bonte, .H.A.,Lingbeek, R. A., (2008). Numerical Pruduct Design: Springback Prediction, Compensation and Optimization, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 48, 499-515.
- Nasrollahi V., Arezoo, B., (2012). Prediction of Springback in Sheet Metal Components with Holes on the Bending Area,Using Experiments, Finite Element and Neural Networks, Materials and Design, 36, 331–6.
- Panthi S.K., Ramakrishnan, N., Ahmed, M., Singh, S.S., Goe, M.D., (2010). Finite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal Bending Process to Predict the Springback, Materials and Design, 31, 657–62.
- Réche D., Besson, J., Sturel, T., Lemoine, X., Gourgues-Lorenzon, A.F., (2012). Analysis of the Air-bending Test Using Finite-Element Simulation: Application to Steel Sheets, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 57, 43–53.
- Toros S., Polat, A., Oztürk, F., (2012). Formability and Springback Characterization of TRIP800 Advanced High Strength Steel, Materials and Design, 41, 298–305.
- Vladimirov I. N., Pietryga, M.P., Reese, S., (2009). Prediction of Springback in Sheet Forming by a New Finite Strain Model with Nonlinear Kinematic and Isotropic Hardening, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209, 4062–75.
- Wagoner R. H., Lim, H., Lee, M.G., (2013). Advanced Issues in Springback. International Journal of Plasticity, 45, 3-20.
- Zhang Q.F., Cai, Z.Y., Zhang, Y., Li, M.Z., (2013). Springback Compensation Method for Doubly Curved Plate in Multi-Point Forming, Materials and Design, 47, 377–385.
Year 2018,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 741 - 751, 25.09.2018
Elif Malyer
,
Selda Akgün Kayral
References
- Baseri H., Bakhshi-Jooybari, M., Rahmani. B., (2011). Modeling of Spring-Back in V-die Bending Process by Using Fuzzy Learning Back-propagation Algorithm, Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 8894–900.
- Canteli J.A., Cantero ,J.L., Miguélez, M.H., (2009). Theoretical Analysis of Air Bending at High Temperature, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209, 1342–50.
- Chatti S., (2010). Effect of the Elasticity Formulation in Finite Strain on Springback Prediction, Computers and Structures, 88, 796–805.
- Gisario A. , . Barletta, M., Conti, C., Guarino, S., (2011). Springback Control in Sheet Metal Bending by Laser-Assisted Bending: Experimental Analysis, Empirical and Neural Network Modelling, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 49, 1372–83.
- He D., Li, D., Li, X., Jin, C., (2010). Optimization on Springback Reduction in Cold Stretch Forming of Titanium-Alloy Aircraft Skin. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 20, 2350-57.
- Joseph, C.D., (2003). Experimental Measurement and Finite Element Simulation of Springback in Stamping Aluminium Alloy Sheets for Auto- Body Panel Application, (M. Sc.), Mississippi State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
- Kahraman, M., (2008). Levha Malzemelerin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemiyle Geri Esnemesinin İncelenmesi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Kardes Sever N., Mete O. H., Demiralp Y., Choi C., Altan T., (2012). Springback prediction in bending of AHSS-DP 780, Proceedings of NAMRI/SME.
- Li, L., Flores-Johnson, E.A., Shen, L., & Proust, G. (2016). Effects of heat treatment and strain rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 Al alloy, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 25(1), 26-41.
- Lim H., Lee, M.G., Sung, J.H., Kim, J.H., Wagoner, R.H., (2012). Time-Dependent Springback of Advanced High Strength Steels, International Journal of Plasticity, 29, 42–59.
- Ling Y.E., Lee, H.P., Cheok, B.T., (2005). Finite Element Analysis of Springback in L- bending of Sheet Metal, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 168, 296-302.
- Liu J.G., Fu, M.W., Lu, J., Chan, W.L., (2011). Influence of Size Effect on the Springback of Sheet Metal Foils in Microbending, Computational Materials Science, 50, 2604-14.
- Longanathan D., Gnanavelbabu A., Rajkumar K., Ramadoss R., (2014). Effect of Microwave Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Sheet Metal, Procedia Engineering 97, 1692-1697.
- Maisonnette, D., Suery, M., Nelias, D., Chaudet, P., & Epicier, T., (2011). Effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 6061 aluminium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528(6), 2718-2724.
- Meınders T., Burchitz, I.A., Bonte, .H.A.,Lingbeek, R. A., (2008). Numerical Pruduct Design: Springback Prediction, Compensation and Optimization, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 48, 499-515.
- Nasrollahi V., Arezoo, B., (2012). Prediction of Springback in Sheet Metal Components with Holes on the Bending Area,Using Experiments, Finite Element and Neural Networks, Materials and Design, 36, 331–6.
- Panthi S.K., Ramakrishnan, N., Ahmed, M., Singh, S.S., Goe, M.D., (2010). Finite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal Bending Process to Predict the Springback, Materials and Design, 31, 657–62.
- Réche D., Besson, J., Sturel, T., Lemoine, X., Gourgues-Lorenzon, A.F., (2012). Analysis of the Air-bending Test Using Finite-Element Simulation: Application to Steel Sheets, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 57, 43–53.
- Toros S., Polat, A., Oztürk, F., (2012). Formability and Springback Characterization of TRIP800 Advanced High Strength Steel, Materials and Design, 41, 298–305.
- Vladimirov I. N., Pietryga, M.P., Reese, S., (2009). Prediction of Springback in Sheet Forming by a New Finite Strain Model with Nonlinear Kinematic and Isotropic Hardening, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209, 4062–75.
- Wagoner R. H., Lim, H., Lee, M.G., (2013). Advanced Issues in Springback. International Journal of Plasticity, 45, 3-20.
- Zhang Q.F., Cai, Z.Y., Zhang, Y., Li, M.Z., (2013). Springback Compensation Method for Doubly Curved Plate in Multi-Point Forming, Materials and Design, 47, 377–385.