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Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting with Phase Shift Keying Modulation Technique

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 105 - 111, 27.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.639282

Abstract

In this study, impacts of phase shift keying modulation technique on charging times of an RF energy harvesting circuit were measured and evaluated in detail. A measurement system was established for receiving and recording measurement packets. The measurement system was performed by utilizing a signal generator, an RF energy harvesting circuit, patch antennas and the other auxiliary devices. Output power level of the signal generator was adjusted to 14 dBm. The modulated signals were harvested wirelessly at distances from 20 cm to 50 cm at the interval of 5 cm by the RF energy harvesting circuit. For each distance, 100 consecutive measurement packets were obtained and hence, totally 700 measurement packets were analyzed for charging times. According to the measurement results, the shortest charging time was calculated as 7.97 s at a distance of 20 cm. In addition to that, the longest charging time was evaluated as 48.88 s at a distance of 50 cm for the phase shift keying modulated signals.

Thanks

The author would like to thank Güneş KARABULUT KURT and Wireless Communication Research Laboratory team of Istanbul Technical University for providing equipment support.

References

  • [1] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Modeling of Hybrid Energy Harvesting Communication Systems,” IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 523–534, Jun. 2019.
  • [2] S. Kim et al., “Ambient RF Energy-Harvesting Technologies for Self-Sustainable Standalone Wireless Sensor Platforms,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 1649–1666, Nov. 2014.
  • [3] M. Cansiz, T. Abbasov, M. B. Kurt, and A. R. Celik, “Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis,” Measurement, vol. 86, pp. 159–164, May 2016.
  • [4] N. Barroca et al., “Antennas and circuits for ambient RF energy harvesting in wireless body area networks,” in 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013, pp. 532–537.
  • [5] M. Cansiz and M. B. Kurt, “Drive Test Yöntemi ile Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Haritasının Çıkartılması ve Ölçüm Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi,” Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Derg., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 101–110, 2012.
  • [6] P. Baltrėnas and R. Buckus, “Measurements and analysis of the electromagnetic fields of mobile communication antennas,” Measurement, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 3942–3949, Dec. 2013.
  • [7] M. Cansiz, T. Abbasov, M. B. Kurt, and A. R. Celik, “Mapping of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in outdoor environment and comparing with reference levels for general public health,” J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 161–165, Nov. 2016.
  • [8] M. Pinuela, P. D. Mitcheson, and S. Lucyszyn, “Ambient RF Energy Harvesting in Urban and Semi-Urban Environments,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2715–2726, Jul. 2013.
  • [9] M. Cansiz, “Diyarbakır il merkezinin elektromanyetik alan haritasının çıkarılması ve durum değerlendirilmesi,” Dicle Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • [10] F. T. Pachón-García, K. Fernández-Ortiz, and J. M. Paniagua-Sánchez, “Assessment of Wi-Fi radiation in indoor environments characterizing the time & space-varying electromagnetic fields,” Measurement, vol. 63, pp. 309–321, Mar. 2015.
  • [11] Hucheng Sun, Yong-xin Guo, Miao He, and Zheng Zhong, “Design of a High-Efficiency 2.45-GHz Rectenna for Low-Input-Power Energy Harvesting,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 929–932, 2012.
  • [12] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Conformal Hybrid Solar and Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Harvesting Rectenna,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2225–2234, Aug. 2013.
  • [13] S. Keyrouz, H. Visser, and A. Tijhuis, “Multi-band simultaneous radio frequency energy harvesting,” Antennas Propag., no. Eucap, pp. 3058–3061, 2013.
  • [14] V. Kuhn, C. Lahuec, F. Seguin, and C. Person, “A Multi-Band Stacked RF Energy Harvester With RF-to-DC Efficiency Up to 84%,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 1768–1778, May 2015.
  • [15] V. Marian, B. Allard, C. Vollaire, and J. Verdier, “Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4481–4491, Nov. 2012.
  • [16] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Optimal Waveforms for Efficient Wireless Power Transmission,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 354–356, May 2014.
  • [17] M. S. Trotter, J. D. Griffin, and G. D. Durgin, “Power-optimized waveforms for improving the range and reliability of RFID systems,” in 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, 2009, pp. 80–87.
  • [18] J. F. Ensworth, S. J. Thomas, S. Y. Shin, and M. S. Reynolds, “Waveform-aware ambient RF energy harvesting,” in 2014 IEEE International Conference on RFID (IEEE RFID), 2014, pp. 67–73.
  • [19] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Improving wireless power transmission efficiency using chaotic waveforms,” in 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2012, pp. 1–3.
  • [20] G. Andia Vera, D. Allane, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, Y. Duroc, and S. Tedjini, “Cooperative Integration of Harvesting RF Sections for Passive RFID Communication,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 4556–4566, Dec. 2015.
  • [21] A. Boaventura, A. Collado, N. B. Carvalho, and A. Georgiadis, “Optimum behavior: Wireless power transmission system design through behavioral models and efficient synthesis techniques,” IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 26–35, Mar. 2013.
  • [22] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Finite-State Markov Channel Based Modeling of RF Energy Harvesting Systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1713–1725, Feb. 2018.
  • [23] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Statistical models for battery recharging time in RF energy harvesting systems,” in 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2014, pp. 636–641.
  • [24] H. Sakaki et al., “Analysis of Rectifier RF-DC Power Conversion Behavior with QPSK and 16QAM Input Signals for WiCoPT System,” 2014 Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf., pp. 7–9.
  • [25] D. Altinel and G. Karabulut Kurt, “Energy Harvesting From Multiple RF Sources in Wireless Fading Channels,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 8854–8864, Nov. 2016.
  • [26] National Instruments, “www.ni.com/en-us.html”
  • [27] Powercast Corporation, www.powercastco.com”
  • [28] Microchip Technology, “www.microchip.com”

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting with Phase Shift Keying Modulation Technique

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 105 - 111, 27.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.639282

Abstract

In this study, impacts of phase shift keying modulation technique on charging times of an RF energy harvesting circuit were measured and evaluated in detail. A measurement system was established for receiving and recording measurement packets. The measurement system was performed by utilizing a signal generator, an RF energy harvesting circuit, patch antennas and the other auxiliary devices. Output power level of the signal generator was adjusted to 14 dBm. The modulated signals were harvested wirelessly at distances from 20 cm to 50 cm at the interval of 5 cm by the RF energy harvesting circuit. For each distance, 100 consecutive measurement packets were obtained and hence, totally 700 measurement packets were analyzed for charging times. According to the measurement results, the shortest charging time was calculated as 7.97 s at a distance of 20 cm. In addition to that, the longest charging time was evaluated as 48.88 s at a distance of 50 cm for the phase shift keying modulated signals.

References

  • [1] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Modeling of Hybrid Energy Harvesting Communication Systems,” IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 523–534, Jun. 2019.
  • [2] S. Kim et al., “Ambient RF Energy-Harvesting Technologies for Self-Sustainable Standalone Wireless Sensor Platforms,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 1649–1666, Nov. 2014.
  • [3] M. Cansiz, T. Abbasov, M. B. Kurt, and A. R. Celik, “Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis,” Measurement, vol. 86, pp. 159–164, May 2016.
  • [4] N. Barroca et al., “Antennas and circuits for ambient RF energy harvesting in wireless body area networks,” in 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013, pp. 532–537.
  • [5] M. Cansiz and M. B. Kurt, “Drive Test Yöntemi ile Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Haritasının Çıkartılması ve Ölçüm Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi,” Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Derg., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 101–110, 2012.
  • [6] P. Baltrėnas and R. Buckus, “Measurements and analysis of the electromagnetic fields of mobile communication antennas,” Measurement, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 3942–3949, Dec. 2013.
  • [7] M. Cansiz, T. Abbasov, M. B. Kurt, and A. R. Celik, “Mapping of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in outdoor environment and comparing with reference levels for general public health,” J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 161–165, Nov. 2016.
  • [8] M. Pinuela, P. D. Mitcheson, and S. Lucyszyn, “Ambient RF Energy Harvesting in Urban and Semi-Urban Environments,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2715–2726, Jul. 2013.
  • [9] M. Cansiz, “Diyarbakır il merkezinin elektromanyetik alan haritasının çıkarılması ve durum değerlendirilmesi,” Dicle Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • [10] F. T. Pachón-García, K. Fernández-Ortiz, and J. M. Paniagua-Sánchez, “Assessment of Wi-Fi radiation in indoor environments characterizing the time & space-varying electromagnetic fields,” Measurement, vol. 63, pp. 309–321, Mar. 2015.
  • [11] Hucheng Sun, Yong-xin Guo, Miao He, and Zheng Zhong, “Design of a High-Efficiency 2.45-GHz Rectenna for Low-Input-Power Energy Harvesting,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 929–932, 2012.
  • [12] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Conformal Hybrid Solar and Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Harvesting Rectenna,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2225–2234, Aug. 2013.
  • [13] S. Keyrouz, H. Visser, and A. Tijhuis, “Multi-band simultaneous radio frequency energy harvesting,” Antennas Propag., no. Eucap, pp. 3058–3061, 2013.
  • [14] V. Kuhn, C. Lahuec, F. Seguin, and C. Person, “A Multi-Band Stacked RF Energy Harvester With RF-to-DC Efficiency Up to 84%,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 1768–1778, May 2015.
  • [15] V. Marian, B. Allard, C. Vollaire, and J. Verdier, “Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4481–4491, Nov. 2012.
  • [16] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Optimal Waveforms for Efficient Wireless Power Transmission,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 354–356, May 2014.
  • [17] M. S. Trotter, J. D. Griffin, and G. D. Durgin, “Power-optimized waveforms for improving the range and reliability of RFID systems,” in 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, 2009, pp. 80–87.
  • [18] J. F. Ensworth, S. J. Thomas, S. Y. Shin, and M. S. Reynolds, “Waveform-aware ambient RF energy harvesting,” in 2014 IEEE International Conference on RFID (IEEE RFID), 2014, pp. 67–73.
  • [19] A. Collado and A. Georgiadis, “Improving wireless power transmission efficiency using chaotic waveforms,” in 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2012, pp. 1–3.
  • [20] G. Andia Vera, D. Allane, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, Y. Duroc, and S. Tedjini, “Cooperative Integration of Harvesting RF Sections for Passive RFID Communication,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 4556–4566, Dec. 2015.
  • [21] A. Boaventura, A. Collado, N. B. Carvalho, and A. Georgiadis, “Optimum behavior: Wireless power transmission system design through behavioral models and efficient synthesis techniques,” IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 26–35, Mar. 2013.
  • [22] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Finite-State Markov Channel Based Modeling of RF Energy Harvesting Systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1713–1725, Feb. 2018.
  • [23] D. Altinel and G. K. Kurt, “Statistical models for battery recharging time in RF energy harvesting systems,” in 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2014, pp. 636–641.
  • [24] H. Sakaki et al., “Analysis of Rectifier RF-DC Power Conversion Behavior with QPSK and 16QAM Input Signals for WiCoPT System,” 2014 Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf., pp. 7–9.
  • [25] D. Altinel and G. Karabulut Kurt, “Energy Harvesting From Multiple RF Sources in Wireless Fading Channels,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 8854–8864, Nov. 2016.
  • [26] National Instruments, “www.ni.com/en-us.html”
  • [27] Powercast Corporation, www.powercastco.com”
  • [28] Microchip Technology, “www.microchip.com”
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Cansız 0000-0003-2534-9770

Publication Date March 27, 2020
Submission Date October 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE M. Cansız, “Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting with Phase Shift Keying Modulation Technique”, DUJE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 105–111, 2020, doi: 10.24012/dumf.639282.
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