Effect of fiber orientation and loading direction on the compressive response of E-glass/Epoxy laminated composites used in modern helicopter blades submitted to high strain rate

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 693 - 700, 03.01.2023

Abdullah Çelik , Yusuf Arman

https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1140112

Abstract

In this investigation, the dynamic behaviour of glass fibre reinforced poly- mer under in-plane and out-of-plane dynamic compression tests was studied experimentally and numerically under varying the fibres orientation and the loading conditions. The composites consist of unidirectional E-glass fibers reinforced epoxy polymer composites used in modern helicopter blade application as inner surface. Specimens, with a cylindrical shape, are impacted at a constant strain rate subjected to SHPB and Ls Dyna program. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental results. The results show that the out-of-plane stress values for different fiber orientation are close to each other, but the in-plane stress value is far lower for the fibers direction of ±45◦. This study will facilitate fiber orientation selection for dynamic effects during the helicopter blade production phase. Not only simple tests but also practical ideas make this study stand out. Considering results, the use of ±90◦ fiber direction in helicopter blades seems to be more advantageous against dynamic effects.

Keywords

dynamic compression test, helicopter blade, composite materials, numerical analyses, impact behavior.

Supporting Institution

DEU BAP Proje birimi

Project Number

Proje Kodu 2019.KB.MLT.003 ID. 2120

Thanks

Desteklerinden ötürü DEU BAP proje birimine teşekkür ederiz.

References

• [1] Douglas LL, Stratton WK. Technical breakthrough for helicopter ro- tor blades, SAE Transactions,Compos Struct Vol. 84, Section 4: 750934–751187 (1975), pp. 3114-3130.
• [2] Harlamert WB, Edinger R. Development of an aircraft composite pro- peller, SAE Transactions, Vol. 88, Section 3: 790527–790858 (1979), pp. 2028-2033.
• [3] Marat-Mendes RM, Freitas MM. Failure criteria for mixed mode de- lamination in glass fibre epoxy composites, Compos Struct 92 (2010) 2292–2298.
• [4] Song Z, Wang Z, Ma H, Xuan H.Mechanical behavior and failure mode of woven carbon/epoxy laminatecomposites under dynamic compressive loading, Compos Part B 60 (2014) 531-536.
• [5] Tarfaoui M, Choukri S, Neme A. Damage kinetics of glass/epoxy composite materials under dynamic compression. J Compos Mater 2009;43(10):1137–54.
• [6] Tarfaoui M, Choukri S, Neme A. Dynamic response of symmetric and asymmetric Eglass/epoxy laminates at high strain rates. Key Eng Mater 2010;446:73–82.
• [7] Tarfaoui M. Experimental investigation of dynamic compression and damage kinetics of glass/epoxy laminated composites under high strain rate compression. InAdvances in composite materials; 2011. p. 359–82 [Chapter 16].
• [8] Jadhav A, Woldesenbet E, Pang S, High strain rate proper- ties of balancedangle-plygraphite/epoxycomposites. ComposPartB 34 (2003)339-346.
• [9] Arbaoui J, Tarfaoui M, EL Malki Alaoui A. Mechanical behavior and damage kinetics of woven E-glass/Vinylester laminate composites under high strain rate dynamic compressive loading: experimental and numer- ical investigation. Int J Impact Eng 2016:44–54.
• [10] Arbaoui J, Tarfaoui M, EL Malki Alaoui A. Dynamical characterisation and damage mechanisms of E-glass/Vinylester woven composites at high strain rates compression. J Compos Mater 2015:1–11.
• [11] Arbaoui J, Tarfaoui M, Bouery C, EL Malki Alaoui A. Comparison study of mechanical properties and damage kinetics of 2D and 3D woven composites under high-strain rate dynamic compressive loading. Int J Damage Mech 2016:1–22.
• [12] Sassi S, Tarfaoui M, YahiaHB.An investigation of in-plane dynamic be- havior of adhesively-bonded composite joints under dynamic compres- sion at high strain rate, Composite Structures, Volume 191, 1 May 2018, Pages 168-179.
• [13] Kumar P, Garg A, Argawal BD. Dynamic compressive behavior of unidirectional GFRP for various fiber orientations. Mater Lett 1986;4(2):111–6.
• [14] El-Habak AMA. Mechanical behavior of woven glass fiber- reinforced composites under impact compression load. Composites 1991;22(2):129–34.
• [15] Harding J. Effect of strain rate and specimen geometry on the com- pressive strength of woven glass-reinforced epoxy laminates. Composites 1993;24(4):323–32.
• [16] Sierakowski RL, Nevill GE. Dynamic compressive strength and failure of steel reinforced epoxy composites. J Compos Mater 1971;5:362–77.
• [17] Hosur MV, Alexander J, Vaidya UK, Jeslani S, Mayer A. Studies on the o.-axis high strain rate compression loading of satin weave carbon/epoxy composites. Comput Struct 2004; 63: 75–85.
• [18] Venkatanarayanan PS, Stanley A, Joseph.Intermediate velocity bullet impact response of laminated glass fiber reinforced hybrid (HEP) resin carbon nano composite, Aerospace Science & Technology. Sep2012, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p75-83. 9p. DOI: 10.1016/j.ast.2011.05.007.
• [19] Rolfe E, Kaboglu C, Quinn R, Hooper PA, Arora H, Dear JP.High he- locity impact and blast loading of composite sandwich sanels with novel carbon and glass construction in: Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Ma- terials. 4(3):359-372.
• [20] Sikarwar RS, Velmurugan R. Impact damage assessment of car- bon fiber reinforced composite with different stacking sequence, J Compos Mater Jan2020, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p193-203. 11p. DOI: 10.1177/0021998319859934.
• [21] Subba RPR, Sreekantha RT, Mogulanna K, Srikanth I, Madhu V, Venkateswara RK. Ballistic impact studies on carbon and E-glass fi- bre based hybrid composite laminates in plasticity and Impact Mechan- ics, Procedia Engineering. 2017 173:293-298 Language: English. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.
• [22] Vicente SG, Paradela LS, G´alvez F. Analytical simulation of high-speed impact onto hybrid glass/carbon epoxy composites targets in Interna- tional Symposium on Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Ma- terials, DRaF2014, Procedia Engineering. 2014 88:101-108 Language: English. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.132.
• [23] Gallina F, Birch RS, Alves M. Design of a split hopkinson pressure bar. 17th ABCM Int. Congr. Mech. Eng., S˜ao Paulo 2003.
• [24] Gama BA, Lopatnikov SL, Gillespie JW. Hopkinson bar experi- mental technique: a critical review. Appl Mech Rev 2004;57:223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1. 1704626.
• [25] Reis VL, Cˆandido GM, Donadon MV, Opelt CV, Rezende MC,Effect of fiber orientation on the compressive response of plain weave carbon fiber/epoxy composites submitted to high strain rates, Compos Struct 203 (2018) 952–959.
• [26] Chen W, Song B. Split hopkinson (kolsky) bar, Mechanical Engineering Series, USA, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7982-7.
• [27] Ku H, Wang H, Pattarachaiyakoop N, Trada M. A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Part B –Eng 2011;42(4):856–73.
• [28] Tarfaoui M, Choukri S, Neme A. Effect of fibre orientation on mechan- ical properties of the laminated polymer composites subjected to out- of-plane high strain rate compressive loadings, Composite Science and Technology 2007, 68(2): 477–485.