Türkiye’nin Nükleer Enerji Hedefleri: Geçmişteki Çabalar, Bugünkü Stratejiler ve Geleceğe Yönelik Yönergeler
Year 2025,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 14 - 29, 22.06.2025
Muhammed Cihat Mercan
,
Ali İhsan Aygün
Abstract
Dışa bağımlılığı azaltma ve arz güvenliği sağlama vaadiyle popülerleşen nükleer enerji santralleri, 2023 yılı itibariyle dünya enerji ihtiyacının %10'unu karşılıyor. Bu arzuyu uzun süredir taşıyan Türkiye, enerji üretim hedefleri doğrultusunda 10.000 MW'lık nükleer kurulu güce sahip olmak istiyor. Bu bağlamda Türkiye, Akkuyu ve Sinop Nükleer Güç Santralleri ile yarım asrı aşan bu arzusunu gerçekleştirmeye yakın görünmektedir. Ancak nükleer geçmişi olan ülkelere kıyasla farklı bir yol izleyen Türkiye, ilk somut adımlarını Rusya ile imzaladığı hükümetler arası anlaşma ile atmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'yi bu yola iten temel motivasyon, ülkenin teknik kapasitesi ve stratejisi değerlendirilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, mevcut ve olası tehlikeler belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu santrallerin elektrik talebinin karşılanmasının yanı sıra dış kaynaklara bağımlılığın ve cari açığın azaltılmasına katkısı da incelenmiştir. SWOT analizine de yer verilen çalışmada, Türkiye'nin hükümetler arası anlaşmaya dayalı girişiminin, gelecekte yapılacak diğer girişimler için önemli bir referans olacağı öngörülüyor.
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Özalp, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Nükleer Enerji Kurulumunun Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık ve Arz Güvenliğine Etkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 175–188.
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Turkey’s Nuclear Energy Ambitions: Past Efforts, Present Strategies, and Future Directions
Year 2025,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 14 - 29, 22.06.2025
Muhammed Cihat Mercan
,
Ali İhsan Aygün
Abstract
Nuclear power plants, popularized by the promise of decreasing dependency on foreign resources and providing supply security, meet 10% of the world’s energy needs as of 2023. Having had this desire for a long time, Turkey wants to have a nuclear-installed power of 10,000 MW according to its energy production targets. In this context, Turkey seems close to realizing this de sire of more than half a century with its Akkuyu and Sinop Nuclear Power Plants. Yet, Turkey follows a different path compared to countries with a nuclear past and took its first concrete steps with an intergovernmental agreement signed with Russia. In this study, the main motivation pushing Turkey to this path, the country’s technical capacity, and its strategy are evaluated. Besides that, the current and possible prospective hazards are indicated. In addition, the contribution of these plants to meet the electricity demand as well as reducing dependency on external resources and the current account deficit have been examined. The study, which also includes a SWOT analysis, predicts that Turkey's intergovernmental agreement-based initiative will serve as an important reference for other future initiatives.
References
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ACER. (2022). ACER’s Final Assessment of the EU Wholesale Electricity Market Design.
-
Akkuyu NPP. (2024). About the project. https://akkuyu.com/en/about/history (Accessed on: April 2, 2024)
-
Akyüz, E. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy in Turkey: Public Perception. Eurasian Journal of Environmental Research, 1(1), 1–11.
-
Artantas, O. C. (2024). Türkiye’s nuclear energy aspirations: Policy challenges and legal trajectory. The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 17(3), 201–214.
-
Basit, M. A., Dilshad, S., Badar, R., & Sami Ur Rehman, S. M. (2020). Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(6), 4132–4162.
-
Bayrak, Y. (2020). Yakın Dönem (2020- 2025) Elektrik Üretim-Tüketim Projeksiyonuna Yönelik Bir Çözümleme. TMMOB.
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BBC News Turkish. (2023). Karadeniz gazı Türkiye’nin enerjide dışa bağımlılığına ne kadar çözüm olabilir? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cnl92vnqwpzo (Accessed on: April 2, 2024)
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CNN Türk. (2018). Çernobil faciası neydi, Türkiye’yi nasıl etkilemişti? https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/cernobil-faciasi-neydi-turkiyeyi-nasil-etkilemisti-664222 (Accessed on: April 2, 2024)
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Daily Sabah. (2023). Türkiye to attract $40B investment for 2nd nuclear plant. https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/turkiye-to-attract-40b-investment-for-2nd-nuclear-plant (Accessed on: April 12, 2024)
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Defensehere. (2023). Rusya, Akkuyu NGS için 40 Türk öğrenciye daha eğitim verecek. https://www.defensehere.com/tr/rusya-akkuyu-ngs-icin-40-turk-ogrenciye-daha-egitim-verecek (Accessed on: June 5, 2024)
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Elibol, E., Dikmen, O. (2024). Long-term performance investigation of different solar panels in the West Black Sea Region. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 26, 875–899.
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EPİAŞ. (2025). Transparency Platform. EPİAŞ Transparency Platform. https://seffaflik.epias.com.tr/home (Accessed on: April 12, 2024)
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Etimaden. (2019). TÜRKİYE’DE BOR. https://www.etimaden.gov.tr/turkiyede-bor (Accessed on: April 12, 2024)
-
Euronuclear. (2024). Fuel comparison. https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/fuel-comparison/(Accessed on: April 12, 2024)
-
Ezell, S. (2024). How Innovative Is China in Nuclear Power? Information Technology.
-
Gümüş, B. S. (2024). Türkiye Elektrik Görünümü 2024. EMBER.
-
Gürbüz, Ö. (2011). Blog—Yetiş başbakanım tüp patladı! Blogspot. https://ozgurgurbuz.blogspot.com/2011/04/yetis-basbakanm-tup-patlad.html (Accessed on: April 12, 2024)
-
IAEA. (1996). Processing of Nuclear Power Plant Waste Streams Containing Boric Acid.
-
IAEA. (2020). Climate Change and Nuclear Power 2020.
-
IAEA. (2024). Latest Events. https://www-news.iaea.org (Accessed on: April 23, 2024)
-
IAEA. (2024). Power Reactors Under Construction. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/WorldStatistics/UnderConstructionReactorsByCountry.aspx
-
IEA. (2022). Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions: From today’s challenges to tomorrow’s clean energy systems https://doi.org/10.1787/aca1d7ee-en
-
IEA. (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023 (Accessed on: April 23, 2024)
-
IEA, NEA. (2020). Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020 Edition.
-
Jewell, J., & Ates, S. A. (2015). Introducing nuclear power in Turkey: A historic state strategy and future prospects. Energy Research & Social Science, 10, 273–282.
-
Karaveli, A. B., Soytas, U., & Akinoglu, B. G. (2015). Comparison of large scale solar PV (photovoltaic) and nuclear power plant investments in an emerging market. Energy, 84, 656–665
-
Kaya, İ. S. (2012). Nükleer Enerji Dünyasında Çevre ve İnsan. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1), 71–90.
-
Kok, B., & Benli, H. (2017). Energy diversity and nuclear energy for sustainable development in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 111, 870–877.
-
Maradin, D. (2021). Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy Sources Utilization. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(3), 176–183.
-
Melikoglu, M. (2016). The role of renewables and nuclear energy in Turkey׳s Vision 2023 energy targets: Economic and technical scrutiny. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1–12.
-
MTA. (2017). Uranium and Thorium in the World and in Turkey.
-
MUSIAD. (2021). Çerceve Magazine.
-
NBP. (2023). TÜNAŞ Granted Owner Status To Build Türkiye’s 2nd Nuclear Power Plant—Sinop. https://www.nuclearbusiness-platform.com/media/insights/tunas-granted-owner-status-to-build-turkiyes-2nd-nuclear-power-plant-sinop
-
NEI. (2013). Turkey and Japan agree framework for Sinop nuclear plant. https://www.neimagazine.com/news/turkey-and-japan-agree-framework-for-sinop-nuclear-plant/ (Accessed on: June 5, 2024)
-
Nogay, H. S. (2016). Accelerating the Transition to Nuclear Energy Systems in Turkey.
-
Ovalı, E. (2021). RADYASYON KAZALARI. Türk Hematoloji Derneği. https://www.thd.org.tr/thddata/books/29/radyasyon-kazalari-ercument-ovali.pdf (Accessed on: June 5, 2024)
-
Özalp, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Nükleer Enerji Kurulumunun Enerjide Dışa Bağımlılık ve Arz Güvenliğine Etkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 175–188.
-
Power Technology. (2024). Turkey continues negotiations over new nuclear power plants. https://www.power-technology.com/news/turkey-continues-negotiations-with-russia-china-and-south-korea-on-nuclear-development/
-
Report News Agency. (2023). Energy Minister: Akkuyu NPP to cover 10% of Türkiye’s electricity needs. https://report.az/en/energy/energy-minister-akkuyu-npp-to-cover-10-of-turkiye-s-electricity-needs/ (Accessed on: June 5, 2024)
-
Schneider, M., & Froggatt, A. (2020). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020 (pp. 203–209). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811213953_0021
-
SHURA. (2023). Türkiye Enerji Dönüşümü Görünümü 2023.
-
TASAM. (2012). Türkiye 2023 Uluslararası Nükleer Teknoloji Transferi Kongresi Sonuç Raporu ve Bildirgesi.
-
TEIAS. (2009). Türkiye Elektrik Enerjisi 10 Yıllık Üretim Kapasite Projeksiyonu (2009 – 2018).
-
TEIAS. (2023). 2023 Yılı Elektrik Üretim-Tüketim Raporu. https://www.teias.gov.tr/aylik-elektrik-uretim-tuketim-raporlari (Accessed on: December 11, 2024)
-
Temurçin, K., & Aliağaoğlu, A. (2003). Nükleer Enerji ve Tartışmalar Işığında Türkiye’de Nükleer Enerji Gerçeği. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 25–39.
-
TÜBA. (2019). Nükleer Enerji Raporu.
-
Türkiye Ministry of Energy. (2025). Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-enerji-elektrik (Accessed on: December 21, 2024)
-
Wikipedia. (2020). International Nuclear Event Scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nuclear_Event_Scale (Accessed on: December 21, 2024)
-
WNA. (2024). World Nuclear Performance Report 2024.
-
WNA. (2024a). Nuclear Power in Turkey. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey (Accessed on: September 3, 2024)
-
WNN. (2025). Start-up work under way for Akkuyu pumping station. https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/start-up-work-under-way-for-akkuyu-pumping-station (Accessed on: October 13, 2024)
-
Worldbank. (2019). Worldwide Governance Indicators. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators/interactive-data-access (Accessed on: October 13, 2024)