MOBİLYA ENDÜSTRİSİNDE KERESTENİN TOLERANSLI ÖLÇÜLENDİRİLMESİ VE KESİM PLANLARI

Öz

Ahşap mobilya üretiminde kereste zayiatı oldukça yüksek olup, % 40-60’dır. Bu durum mobilya yanında, doğrama ve ahşap yapı endüstrilerinde de üretim maliyeti ve verimliliğini etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Toleranslı ölçülendirme işlemi; her bir keresteden farklı boyut ve şekildeki ürün elemanları için yararlı ve kullanışlı uygun parçaların enine ve boyuna yönde kesilerek elde edilmesidir. Gerçekte ahşap mobilya endüstrisinde kurutma işlemi dışında, hiçbir üretim aşamasında toleranslı ölçülendirme ile sağlanan yüksek verim söz konusu değildir. Günümüzde odun kökenli endüstrilerde toleranslı ölçülendirme uygulamaları genellikle geleneksel ve modern üretimlere dayalı yapılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda odun kökenli hammaddelerin işlenmesinde teknolojik gelişmeler sürdürülmektedir Ayrıca, bilgisayarlı optimizasyon uygulamaları da yapılmaktadır.  Planlamada kerestelerden farklı boyut ve kalitedeki ürün parçalarının nerelerden ve nasıl alınacağı oldukça önemli bir konudur.  Bu da kesim planlarına dayalı deneyimli geometri uzmanlarının uygulamaları ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Kesim planlarında en yüksek verimin elde edilmesinde birçok etken bulunmaktadır. Bunlar; genel olarak ağaç türleri ve kereste kalite sınıfları, makinelerin yapısı, fabrika planlaması, çalışanların bilgi ve deneyimleri olarak belirtilebilir. Bu yayında üreticilerin ahşap veya masif mobilya üretim sorunlarının önceliğini oluşturan kereste ölçülendirilmesindeki verim ve çözümleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu amaçla; kesim planlarını etkileyen çeşitli unsurlar ortaya konularak açıklanmış; farklı kesim planları kapasite, zayiat ve artıkları içeren uygulamalar şekillere dayalı olarak tartışılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mobilya Endüstrisi,Kereste,Kesim Planları,Toleranslı Ölçülendirme

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