EVALUATION OF THE RISKS IN WOOD HARVESTING ACTIVITIES BY THE PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA)

Abstract

The first step of the wood harvesting process is the harvesting that include cutting-felling, pruning, peeling, and bucking. These activities involve a variety of hazards, because of in the work environment, done and machines used. Forestry operations are among the most difficult and risky. Taking the necessary precautions is crucial to ensure occupational health and safety in forest operations before the operations is done that identification and classification of hazards posed by these activities. In this study, it is aimed to determine the hazards that the trees cutting-felling, pruning and bucking activities carry in terms of occupational health and safety and evaluate them according to the preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) method. Preliminary hazard analysis method has been chosen as the risk analysis methods because of the necessity of documentation is less in the study, the ability to be done by an expert, the medium level of experience and the application of each sector. The hazards of these activities have are revealed by the literature survey and the field studies in the wood harvesting area in the Black Sea, Central Anatolia and Mediterranean regions of the Turkey. Twenty-nine hazardous situations were identified in the study, of which 12 were high risk, 9 were serious and 8 were intermediate risk. It is not possible that the working environment and all hazards in the forests that are living ecosystems and work material is heavy are completely removed. Intervening according to the importance classes of the hazards to minimize and the level of the risk to decrease should be taken precautions that determined in the study.

Keywords

• Risk analysis,PHA method,Wood harvesting,Forestry activities

Odun Hasat Faaliyetlerindeki Risklerin Ön Tehlike Analizi Metodu ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Odun hammaddesi üretim sürecinin ilk aşaması olan odun hasat faaliyetleri; ağaç kesme, devirme, dal alma/budama, kabuk soyma ve boylama/tomruklama işlerinden oluşur. Bu faaliyetler gerek çalışma ortamı gerekse yapılan iş ve kullanılan makineler kaynaklı olarak çeşitli tehlikeler içermektedir. En zor ve riskli ormancılık işleri arasında yer alan bu faaliyetlerin taşıdıkları tehlikelerin işler yapılmadan önce tespit edilmesi, sınıflandırılması ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması orman işlerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin sağlanabilmesi için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, ağaç kesme, devirme, budama ve boylama faaliyetlerinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından taşıdığı tehlikeler belirlenerek ön tehlike analizi yöntemine göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada doküman gereksiniminin az olması, bir uzman tarafından yapılabilmesi, orta düzeyde deneyim istemesi ve her sektöre uygulanabilmesi nedenleriyle risk analizi yöntemlerinde ön tehlike analizi yöntemi seçilmiştir. Bu faaliyetlerin sahip oldukları tehlikeler, literatür taraması ile Karadeniz, İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde yer alan üç odun üretim biriminde yapılan saha çalışmaları ile ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada 29 adet tehlike durumu belirlenmiş olup bunların 12 adedinin yüksek risk, 9 adedinin ciddi risk ve 8 adedinin orta risk sınıfında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ormanların canlı ekosistemler olmaları, iş materyalinin ağır olması, çalışma ortamı ya da çevreden kaynaklanan tehlikelerin tamamen ortadan kaldırılması mümkün değildir. Çalışmada belirlenen tehlikelerin önem sınıflarına göre müdahale edilerek zararı minimize edecek ve risk derecesini düşürecek önlemler alınmalıdır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Risk analizi,Ön tehlike analizi metodu,Odun hasatı,Ormancılık faaliyetleri

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