Research Article
TERMO-VİBRO-MEKANİK (TVM) YOĞUNLAŞTIRMA İŞLEMİNİN BAZI AĞAÇ MALZEMELERİN YOĞUNLUK VE AŞINMA DİRENCİNE ETKİSİ
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, düşük
yoğunluktaki bazı ağaç malzemelerin yeni bir ahşap modifikasyon yöntemi olan
Termo-Vibro-Mekanik (TVM) işlemle yoğunlaştırıldıktan sonra yoğunluk ve aşınma
değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, TÜBİTAK 115O138 nolu proje
desteği ile tasarlanıp-üretilen “TVM yoğunlaştırma presi” kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada Uludağ Göknarı (Abies Bornmülleriana Mattf.) ve Kara Kavak’tan (Populus nigra L.) radyal ve teğet kesit olarak elde edilen
örneklere, üç farklı sıcaklık (100±3°C,
120±3 °C, 140±3 °C), üç farklı vibrasyon basıncı (0, 60 MPa, 1, 00 MPa, 1,40
MPa) ve üç farklı vibrasyon süresinde (20 sn,
60 sn, 100 sn) TVM yoğunlaştırma işlemi yapılmıştır. TVM yoğunlaştırma
işlemi sonrası örneklere tam kuru yoğunluk (TS 2472) ve aşınma direnci (ASTM
4060-14) testleri uygulanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre, TVM yoğunlaştırma
işleminin düşük yoğunluklu ağaç malzemelerin yoğunluk ve aşınma direnci
değerlerini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
References
- 1. Pelit, H., (2014).Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara-Türkiye, 2. Akkılıç, H., A. Kaymakcı and Ö. Ünsal, (2014). Isıl işlem uygulanmış ahşap malzemenin dış cephe kaplaması olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeli, 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, 3-4. 3. Şenol, S. and M. Budakçı, (2016). Mechanical Wood Modification Methods, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 53-59. 4. Kutnar, A. and M. Šernek, (2007). Densification of wood. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva, (82), 53-62. 5. Blomberg, J. and B. Persson, (2004). Plastic deformation in small clear pieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) during densification with the CaLignum process. Journal of Wood Science,. 50(4), 307-314. 6. Blomberg, J., B. Persson, and A. Blomberg, (2005). Effects of semi-isostatic densification of wood on the variation in strength properties with density. Wood Science and Technology, 39(5), 339-350. 7. Pelit, H., A. Sönmez and M. Budakçı,(2015). Effects of thermomechanical densification and heat treatment on density and Brinell hardness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.). BioResources, 10(2), 3097-3111. 8. Kamke, F.A., (2006). Densified radiata pine for structural composites. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 8(2),83-92. 9. Rautkari, L., (2012). Surface modification of solid wood using different techniques. PhD Thesis, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, Finland. 10. Li, T., Cai, J., Avramidis, S., Cheng, D., Wålinder, MEP., Zhou, D. (2017). Effect of conditioning history on the characterization of hardness of thermo-mechanical densified and heat treated poplar wood. Holzforschung, 71(6): p. 515-520. 11. Korkut, S. and D. Kocaefe, (2009). Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2),11-34. 12. Ulker, O., O. Imirzi, and E. Burdurlu, (2012). The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). BioResources,. 7(4),5581-5592. 13. Kutnar, A., F.A. Kamke, and M. Sernek, (2009). Density profile and morphology of viscoelastic thermal compressed wood. Wood Science and Technology, 43(1-2),57. 14. Seborg, R.M., M.A. Millett, and A.J. Stamm, (1956). Heat-stabilized compressed wood (Staypak). Madison, Wis. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 15. Kultikova, E.V., (1999).Structure and properties relationships of densified wood. , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 16. Morsing, N., Densification of Wood. (2000). The influence of hygrothermal treatment on compression of beech perpendicular to gain, Department of Structural Engineering and Materials Technical University of Denmark. Series R., (79). 17. Blomberg, J., B. Persson, and U. Bexell, (2006). Effects of semi-isostatic densification on anatomy and cell-shape recovery on soaking. Holzforschung, 60(3), 322-331. 18. Kollmann, F.F., E.W. Kuenzi, and A.J. Stamm, (2012). Principles of Wood Science and Technology, II Wood Based Materials, Springer Science & Business Media. 19. Gong, M., C. Lamason, (2007). Improvement of surface properties of low density wood: Mechanical modification with heat treatment. University of New Brunswick, Canada. 20. Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F., Hughes, M., (2010). Properties and set-recovery of surface densified Norway spruce and European beech. Wood Science and Technology, 44(4), 679-691. 21. Yıldız, S., (2002). Isıl işlem uygulanan doğu kayını ve doğu ladini odunlarının fiziksel, mekanik, teknolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri. Doktora Tezi,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon. 22. Bekhta, P., P. Niemz, (2003). Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung, 57(5), 539-546. 23. Esteves, B., Marques, A.V., Domingos, I., Pereira, H. (2007). Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology, 41(3),193. 24. Boonstra, M., (2008). A two-stage thermal modification of wood, , PhD Thesis, Ghent University. 25. AYDEMİR, D., G. GÜNDÜZ, (2009).Ahşabın Fiziksel, Kimyasal, Mekaniksel ve Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Isıyla Muamelenin Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,. 11(15). 26. Kol, H.S., (2010).Characteristics of heat-treated Turkish pine and fir wood after ThermoWood processing, Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(6) 1007-1011 27. TS 2470, (1976).Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Numune Alma Metotları ve Genel Özellikler,. T.S.E. Ankara, 28. TS 2471, (1976).Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Rutubet Miktarı Tayini, T.S.E., Ankara, 29. TS 2472, (1976). Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için birim hacim ağırlığı tayini T.S.E., Ankara, 30. ASTM D4060-14, (2014).Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 31. Blomberg, J., (2006). Mechanical and physical properties of semi-isostatically densified wood, PhD Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet. 32. Rautkari, L.,Laine, K.,Laflin, N., Hughes, M., (2011). Surface modification of Scots pine: the effect of process parameters on the through thickness density profile. Journal of materials science, 46(14), 4780-4786. 33. Laine, K., (2014).Improving the properties of wood by surface densification,PhD Thesis, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, Finland. 34. Marttila, J., Möttönen, V., Bütün, Y., Heräjärvi, H. (2016). Bending properties of tangentially and radially sawn European aspen and silver birch wood after industrial scale thermo-mechanical modification. 2nd Conference on Engineered Wood Products based on Poplar/willow Wood, León, Spain 35. Unsal, O., Z. Candan, (2008). Moisture content, vertical density profile and Janka hardness of thermally compressed pine wood panels as a function of press pressure and temperature. Drying Technology, 26(9): p. 1165-1169. 36. Arruda, L.M., Del Menezzi, C.H., (2013). Effect of thermomechanical treatment on physical properties of wood veneers. International Wood Products Journal, 4(4),217-224. 37. Rautkari, L., Laine, K., Kutnar, A., Medved, S., Hughes, M. (2013). Hardness and density profile of surface densified and thermally modified Scots pine in relation to degree of densification. Journal of materials science, 48(6), 2370-2375. 38. Dubey, M.K., (2010). Improvements in stability, durability and mechanical properties of radiata pine wood after heat-treatment in a vegetable oil, PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. 39. Örs, Y. and H. Keskin, (2001). Ağaç Malzeme Bilgisi. Atlas Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul.
Year 2017,
Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 263 - 275, 15.12.2017
Abstract
References
- 1. Pelit, H., (2014).Yoğunlaştırma ve ısıl işlemin doğu kayını ve sarıçamın bazı teknolojik özellikleriyle üstyüzey işlemlerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara-Türkiye, 2. Akkılıç, H., A. Kaymakcı and Ö. Ünsal, (2014). Isıl işlem uygulanmış ahşap malzemenin dış cephe kaplaması olarak değerlendirilme potansiyeli, 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, 3-4. 3. Şenol, S. and M. Budakçı, (2016). Mechanical Wood Modification Methods, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 53-59. 4. Kutnar, A. and M. Šernek, (2007). Densification of wood. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva, (82), 53-62. 5. Blomberg, J. and B. Persson, (2004). Plastic deformation in small clear pieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) during densification with the CaLignum process. Journal of Wood Science,. 50(4), 307-314. 6. Blomberg, J., B. Persson, and A. Blomberg, (2005). Effects of semi-isostatic densification of wood on the variation in strength properties with density. Wood Science and Technology, 39(5), 339-350. 7. Pelit, H., A. Sönmez and M. Budakçı,(2015). Effects of thermomechanical densification and heat treatment on density and Brinell hardness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.). BioResources, 10(2), 3097-3111. 8. Kamke, F.A., (2006). Densified radiata pine for structural composites. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 8(2),83-92. 9. Rautkari, L., (2012). Surface modification of solid wood using different techniques. PhD Thesis, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, Finland. 10. Li, T., Cai, J., Avramidis, S., Cheng, D., Wålinder, MEP., Zhou, D. (2017). Effect of conditioning history on the characterization of hardness of thermo-mechanical densified and heat treated poplar wood. Holzforschung, 71(6): p. 515-520. 11. Korkut, S. and D. Kocaefe, (2009). Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2),11-34. 12. Ulker, O., O. Imirzi, and E. Burdurlu, (2012). The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). BioResources,. 7(4),5581-5592. 13. Kutnar, A., F.A. Kamke, and M. Sernek, (2009). Density profile and morphology of viscoelastic thermal compressed wood. Wood Science and Technology, 43(1-2),57. 14. Seborg, R.M., M.A. Millett, and A.J. Stamm, (1956). Heat-stabilized compressed wood (Staypak). Madison, Wis. US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 15. Kultikova, E.V., (1999).Structure and properties relationships of densified wood. , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 16. Morsing, N., Densification of Wood. (2000). The influence of hygrothermal treatment on compression of beech perpendicular to gain, Department of Structural Engineering and Materials Technical University of Denmark. Series R., (79). 17. Blomberg, J., B. Persson, and U. Bexell, (2006). Effects of semi-isostatic densification on anatomy and cell-shape recovery on soaking. Holzforschung, 60(3), 322-331. 18. Kollmann, F.F., E.W. Kuenzi, and A.J. Stamm, (2012). Principles of Wood Science and Technology, II Wood Based Materials, Springer Science & Business Media. 19. Gong, M., C. Lamason, (2007). Improvement of surface properties of low density wood: Mechanical modification with heat treatment. University of New Brunswick, Canada. 20. Rautkari, L., Properzi, M., Pichelin, F., Hughes, M., (2010). Properties and set-recovery of surface densified Norway spruce and European beech. Wood Science and Technology, 44(4), 679-691. 21. Yıldız, S., (2002). Isıl işlem uygulanan doğu kayını ve doğu ladini odunlarının fiziksel, mekanik, teknolojik ve kimyasal özellikleri. Doktora Tezi,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon. 22. Bekhta, P., P. Niemz, (2003). Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung, 57(5), 539-546. 23. Esteves, B., Marques, A.V., Domingos, I., Pereira, H. (2007). Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology, 41(3),193. 24. Boonstra, M., (2008). A two-stage thermal modification of wood, , PhD Thesis, Ghent University. 25. AYDEMİR, D., G. GÜNDÜZ, (2009).Ahşabın Fiziksel, Kimyasal, Mekaniksel ve Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Isıyla Muamelenin Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,. 11(15). 26. Kol, H.S., (2010).Characteristics of heat-treated Turkish pine and fir wood after ThermoWood processing, Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(6) 1007-1011 27. TS 2470, (1976).Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Numune Alma Metotları ve Genel Özellikler,. T.S.E. Ankara, 28. TS 2471, (1976).Odunda Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Deneyler İçin Rutubet Miktarı Tayini, T.S.E., Ankara, 29. TS 2472, (1976). Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için birim hacim ağırlığı tayini T.S.E., Ankara, 30. ASTM D4060-14, (2014).Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 31. Blomberg, J., (2006). Mechanical and physical properties of semi-isostatically densified wood, PhD Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet. 32. Rautkari, L.,Laine, K.,Laflin, N., Hughes, M., (2011). Surface modification of Scots pine: the effect of process parameters on the through thickness density profile. Journal of materials science, 46(14), 4780-4786. 33. Laine, K., (2014).Improving the properties of wood by surface densification,PhD Thesis, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, Finland. 34. Marttila, J., Möttönen, V., Bütün, Y., Heräjärvi, H. (2016). Bending properties of tangentially and radially sawn European aspen and silver birch wood after industrial scale thermo-mechanical modification. 2nd Conference on Engineered Wood Products based on Poplar/willow Wood, León, Spain 35. Unsal, O., Z. Candan, (2008). Moisture content, vertical density profile and Janka hardness of thermally compressed pine wood panels as a function of press pressure and temperature. Drying Technology, 26(9): p. 1165-1169. 36. Arruda, L.M., Del Menezzi, C.H., (2013). Effect of thermomechanical treatment on physical properties of wood veneers. International Wood Products Journal, 4(4),217-224. 37. Rautkari, L., Laine, K., Kutnar, A., Medved, S., Hughes, M. (2013). Hardness and density profile of surface densified and thermally modified Scots pine in relation to degree of densification. Journal of materials science, 48(6), 2370-2375. 38. Dubey, M.K., (2010). Improvements in stability, durability and mechanical properties of radiata pine wood after heat-treatment in a vegetable oil, PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. 39. Örs, Y. and H. Keskin, (2001). Ağaç Malzeme Bilgisi. Atlas Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul.
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Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 3 |