MOBİLYA ENDÜSTRİSİNDE KERESTENİN TOLERANSLI ÖLÇÜLENDİRİLMESİ VE KESİM PLANLARI

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1074 - 1087, 15.12.2017

Abdulkadir Malkoçoğlu Ali Çakmak

Abstract

Ahşap mobilya
üretiminde kereste zayiatı oldukça yüksek olup, % 40-60’dır. Bu durum mobilya
yanında, doğrama ve ahşap yapı endüstrilerinde de üretim maliyeti ve
verimliliğini etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Toleranslı ölçülendirme işlemi;
her bir keresteden farklı boyut ve şekildeki ürün elemanları için yararlı ve
kullanışlı uygun parçaların enine ve boyuna yönde kesilerek elde edilmesidir.
Gerçekte ahşap mobilya endüstrisinde kurutma işlemi dışında, hiçbir üretim
aşamasında toleranslı ölçülendirme ile sağlanan yüksek verim söz konusu
değildir. Günümüzde odun kökenli endüstrilerde
toleranslı ölçülendirme uygulamaları genellikle geleneksel ve modern üretimlere
dayalı yapılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda odun kökenli hammaddelerin işlenmesinde
teknolojik gelişmeler sürdürülmektedir Ayrıca, bilgisayarlı optimizasyon
uygulamaları da yapılmaktadır. 
Planlamada kerestelerden farklı boyut ve kalitedeki ürün parçalarının
nerelerden ve nasıl alınacağı oldukça önemli bir konudur.  Bu da kesim planlarına dayalı deneyimli
geometri uzmanlarının uygulamaları ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Kesim planlarında
en yüksek verimin elde edilmesinde birçok etken bulunmaktadır. Bunlar; genel
olarak ağaç türleri ve kereste kalite sınıfları, makinelerin yapısı, fabrika
planlaması, çalışanların bilgi ve deneyimleri olarak belirtilebilir. Bu yayında
üreticilerin ahşap veya masif mobilya üretim sorunlarının önceliğini oluşturan
kereste ölçülendirilmesindeki verim ve çözümleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu
amaçla; kesim planlarını etkileyen çeşitli unsurlar ortaya konularak
açıklanmış; farklı kesim planları kapasite, zayiat ve artıkları içeren
uygulamalar şekillere dayalı olarak tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

Mobilya Endüstrisi, Kereste, Kesim Planları, Toleranslı Ölçülendirme

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