Youtube as a Source of Patient Information for Gummy Smile

Abstract

Purpose:To evaluate the content and quality of information on gummy smile offered by YouTube videos for patients. Materials and Methods:The keyword “gummy smile” was searched on Youtube. Videos were categorized as useful, misleading or personal experience based on their content. Videos were analysed to evaluate the and quality and scientific reliability of the information using Global Quality Scale(GQS) and DISCERN criteria; and the understandability of this information using a tailormade custom comprehensiveness index(CI). The source and user interaction information for each video were recorded. Results:A total of 98 videos were included for analysis. The videos of 64(65.3%) were considered as useful, 18(18.4%) provided by misleading information, and 16(16.3%) described personal experiences. The source of the videos was 66(67.3%) of dentists/specialist, 8(8.2%) of clinics/hospitals, 8(8.2%) of TV channel/news agencies and 16(16.3%) of were other. The GQS was <4 in most of the videos (92.9%). Based on 0‐2 CI scores, 36, 51 and eleven videos had a score of 0, 1 and 2, respectively. 87(88.8%) and 71(72.4%) videos showed clear aims and reliable sources of information according to DISCERN criteria, respectively. The mean GQS and CI were significantly higher in useful video content compared to misleading and personal experience videos(p<0.001).The mean GQS and CI in dentist-sourced videos were significantly higher than in TV and other-sourced videos(p<0.001). Conclusion:Youtube provides informative videos about gummy smile however,it is considered that YouTube may be inadequate as a reliable source of information of gummy smile for patients due to its deficiencies in quality and content of videos.

Keywords

• gummy smile
• youtube
• video analysis
• patient information

References

1. Pavone AF, Ghassemian M, Verardi S. Short Tooth Syndrome–Part 1: Etiopathogenesis, Classifica- tion, and Diagnostic Guidelines. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2016;37(2):102–7; quiz 108–10.
2. Bynum J. Treatment of a "Gummy Smile": Understanding Etiology is Key to Success. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2016;37(2):114–22.
3. Chan DK. Predictable treatment for “gummy smiles” due to altered passive eruption. Inside Dentistry. 2015;11(7).
4. ElKarmi R, Hassona Y, Taimeh D, Scully C. YouTube as a source for parents’ education on early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017;27(6):437–443. doi:10.1111/ipd.12277.
5. Tan SS, Goonawardene N. Internet Health Information Seeking and the Patient-Physician Relationship: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(1):e9. doi:10.2196/jmir.5729.
6. Wutoh R, Boren SA, Balas EA. eLearning: a review of Internet- based continuing medical education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2004;24(1):20–30. doi:10.1002/chp.1340240105.
7. Hassona Y, Taimeh D, Marahleh A, Scully C. YouTube as a source of information on mouth (oral) cancer. Oral Dis. 2016;22(3):202–8. doi:10.1111/odi.12434.
8. Nagpal SJ, Karimianpour A, Mukhija D, Mohan D, Brateanu A. YouTube videos as a source of medical information during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic. Springerplus. 2015;4:457. doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1251-9.

9. Nason K, Donnelly A, Duncan HF. YouTube as a patient- information source for root canal treatment. Int Endod J. 2016;49(12):1194–1200. doi:10.1111/iej.12575.
10. Desai T, Shariff A, Dhingra V, Minhas D, Eure M, Kats M. Is con- tent really king? An objective analysis of the public’s response to medical videos on YouTube. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082469.
11. Kumar N, Pandey A, Venkatraman A, Garg N. Are video sharing web sites a useful source of information on hy- pertension? J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(7):481–90. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.05.001.
12. Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999;53(2):105–11. doi:10.1136/jech.53.2.105.
13. Fernandez-Luque L, Elahi N, Grajales r F J. An analysis of per- sonal medical information disclosed in YouTube videos created by patients with multiple sclerosis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;150:292–6.
14. Hegarty E, Campbell C, Grammatopoulos E, DiBiase AT, Sher- riff M, Cobourne MT. YouTubeTM as an information re- source for orthognathic surgery. J Orthod. 2017;44(2):90–96. doi:10.1080/14653125.2017.1319010.
15. Pons-Fuster E, Ruiz Roca J, Tvarijonaviciute A, López-Jornet P. YouTube information about diabetes and oral healthcare. Odon- tology. 2020;108(1):84–90. doi:10.1007/s10266-019-00445-3.
16. Nason GJ, Tareen F, Quinn F. Hydrocele on the web: an evaluation of Internet-based information. Scand J Urol. 2013;47(2):152–7. doi:10.3109/00365599.2012.719540.
17. Simsek H, Buyuk SK, Cetinkaya E, Tural M, Koseoglu MS. "How I whiten my teeth": YouTubeTM as a patient information re- source for teeth whitening. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):183. doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01172-w.
18. Leong AY, Sanghera R, Jhajj J, Desai N, Jammu BS, Makowsky MJ. Is YouTube Useful as a Source of Health Information for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? A South Asian Perspective. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(4):395–403.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.056.
19. López-Jornet P, Pons-Fuster E, Ruiz-Roca JA. YOUTUBE videos on oral care of the organ or hematopoietic stem cell trans- plant patients. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(4):1097–1101. doi:10.1007/s00520-016-3497-3.
20. Yagiz O, Yavuz GY, Keskinruzgar A, Acibadem E. Analyses of Youtube Videos on Botox Treatment of Gummy Smile. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(4):e433–e438. doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000008375.
21. Meseli S, Sadry S, Efe N. How reliable are YouTube videos on laser-assisted surgical treatment of the gummy smile? APOS Trends in Orthodontics. 2022;13:1–8. doi:10.25259/APOS1 552 022.