Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars

Sabiha Ceren İlisulu; Hazal Özcan; Sinem Birant; Figen Seymen

doi:10.52037/eads.2026.0010

Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to test and compare three caries measurement methods, the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST), the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and the Nyvad’s criteria, to assess the degree and severity of dental caries in primary molars. Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 children aged 3-5 years to evaluate primary molars based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s criteria by two calibrated dentists. Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability was established. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The inter-examiner Kappa coefficient values of agreement were 95% for NYVAD’s criteria, 97% for CAST, and 93.6% for ICDAS II. According to the CAST score, there is a statistically significant difference in the distributions of ICDAS II (p=0.001). In the CAST scoring, 87.5% of sound teeth are also classified as sound according to ICDAS II. The rate of teeth with enamel caries in both CAST and ICDAS II is 89.9%, while the rate of teeth with dentine caries is 92.1%. The mean caries rates according to Nyvad’s criteria was statistically significantly lower than that of CAST and ICDAS II (p<0.05). According to all indices, no significant difference in caries rates was found between genders (p>0.05) Conclusion: The results revealed significant differences in caries prevalence rates among the diagnostic criteria, with the Nyvad criteria yielding lower caries rates compared to CAST and ICDAS II. The outcomes could inform clinical practice and guide future research on caries prevention and intervention strategies in pediatric populations

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was acquired from the Research Ethical Board of Altınbas University Faculty of Dentistry (2022/164).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Paedodontics, Restorative Dentistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sabiha Ceren İlisulu ^*
0000-0003-3679-4001
Türkiye

Hazal Özcan
0000-0002-5190-8081
Türkiye

Sinem Birant
0000-0002-3990-7270
Türkiye

Figen Seymen
0000-0001-7010-2035
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 53 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.52037/eads.2026.0010

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA98LJ45UW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

İlisulu, S. C., Özcan, H., Birant, S., & Seymen, F. (2026). Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars. European Annals of Dental Sciences, 53(2), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.52037/eads.2026.0010

AMA

1.İlisulu SC, Özcan H, Birant S, Seymen F. Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars. EADS. 2026;53(2):59-65. doi:10.52037/eads.2026.0010

Chicago

İlisulu, Sabiha Ceren, Hazal Özcan, Sinem Birant, and Figen Seymen. 2026. “Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars”. European Annals of Dental Sciences 53 (2): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.52037/eads.2026.0010.

EndNote

İlisulu SC, Özcan H, Birant S, Seymen F (August 1, 2026) Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars. European Annals of Dental Sciences 53 2 59–65.

IEEE

[1]S. C. İlisulu, H. Özcan, S. Birant, and F. Seymen, “Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars”, EADS, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 59–65, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.52037/eads.2026.0010.

ISNAD

İlisulu, Sabiha Ceren - Özcan, Hazal - Birant, Sinem - Seymen, Figen. “Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars”. European Annals of Dental Sciences 53/2 (August 1, 2026): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.52037/eads.2026.0010.

JAMA

1.İlisulu SC, Özcan H, Birant S, Seymen F. Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars. EADS. 2026;53:59–65.

MLA

İlisulu, Sabiha Ceren, et al. “Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars”. European Annals of Dental Sciences, vol. 53, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 59-65, doi:10.52037/eads.2026.0010.

Vancouver

1.Sabiha Ceren İlisulu, Hazal Özcan, Sinem Birant, Figen Seymen. Assesment of Dental Caries Based on CAST, ICDAS II and Nyvad’s Criteria in Primary Molars. EADS. 2026 Aug. 1;53(2):59-65. doi:10.52037/eads.2026.0010