Connective Tissue Attachment to Laser Microgrooved Gingival Former: A pilot study

Abstract

The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate connective tissue attachment to microchannels on implant healing abutment. Material and method is consisted with four two-stage surgery bone level implants in one patient. Laser micro-channels were performed on the healing abutments lateral sites which has a contact with gingiva. Micro-channeled healing abutments were connected to the implants with crestal “I” incisions at the attached gingiva. Plaque index PI and gingival index GI were recorded during the 4 week follow-up. At the end of the four weeks, laser micro-channeled healing abutments were changed with standard abutments and fixed for scanning electron microscope SEM examination. SEM views were performed from 3 different areas. These three points are; facing opposite, 40 degree side angle and lateral sides. Reference points are signed as determined clockwise. 8 different points and 20, 100, 250, 1000, 2500 magnification views were taken

Keywords

• Healing Abutment, SEM, Microchannel, Laser, Surface Roughness, Attachment

Lazer ile pürüzlendirilmiş iyileşme başlığı üzerine bağ dokusu ataşmanı oluşumu: Pilot çalışma

Abstract

Bu pilot çalÕúmanÕn amacÕ implant üzerine yerleútirilen iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ üzerine açÕlan mikro kanallara tutunan ba÷ doku ataúmanÕnÕ incelemektir. ÇalÕúmaya iki aúamalÕ cerrahi gerektiren kemik seviyesi dört implant dahil edilmiútir. ømplant yüzeyi üzerine diúeti úekillendirilmesi için uygulanan iyileúme baúlÕ÷ÕnÕn diúetine bakan yüzeyleri lazer ile pürüzlendirilmiútir. ÇalÕúma dört adet implantta bir hastada uygulanmÕútÕr. øyileúme baúlÕklarÕ implant üzerine yapÕúÕk diúeti üzerinde “I” insizyon yapÕlarak yerleútirilmiútir. Dört haftalÕk takip süresi alÕnmÕú ve takip esnasÕnda bir hafta aralÕklarla gingival indeks GI ve plak indeksi PI kaydedilmiútir. Dört haftalÕk takip süresi sonrasÕnda pürüzlendirilen iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ implant anahtarÕ ile uzaklaútÕrÕlmÕú ve standart iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ yerleútirilerek protetik aúamaya geçilmiútir. ÇÕkarÕlan iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ 24 saat %2.5 Gluteraldehit içinde fiske edildikten sonra taramalÕ elektron mikroskobu SEM ile görüntülenmiútir. SEM görüntüleri 3 farklÕ açÕdan tepeden, 40 derece açÕlÕ ve yandan olmak üzere görüntülenmiú ve her alanda saat yönüne göre referans 8 nokta alÕnarak 20, 100, 250, 1000, 2500 büyütmelerde de÷erlendirilmiútir. Sonuç olarak iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ çevresinde klinik olarak normal iyileúme süreci dÕúÕnda komplikasyon gözlenmemiútir. øncelenen mikrokanallara sahip iyileúme baúlÕ÷Õ üzerinde ba÷ dokusuna ait yapÕlar gözlenmektedir. YakÕn büyütmelerde kollojen fiberler ve kan elemanlarÕnÕn varlÕ÷Õ görüntülenmiútir.

Keywords

• øyileúme BaúlÕ÷Õ, SEM, Mikrokanal, Lazer, Yüzey Pürüzlülü÷ü, Ataúman

References

1. Abrahamsson, I., Berglundh, T., Wennst- röm, J. & Lindhe. J. The peri-implant hard and soft tissues at different implant systems. A comparative study in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research 1996; 7: 212-219.
2. Berglundh, T., Lindhe, J., Ericssson, I., Ma- rinello, C. P., Liljenberg, B. & Thomsen, P. The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth. Clinical Oral Implants Research 1991; 2: 81-90.
3. Berglundh, T., Lindhe, J., Marinello, C., Ericsson, I. & Liljenberg, B. Soft tissue reaction to de novo plaque formation on implants and teeth. Clinical Oral Implants research 1992; 3: 1-8.
4. Berglundh, T., Lindhe, J., Jonsson, K. & Ericsson, I. The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues in the dog. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1994; 21: 189-193
5. Berglundh, T. & Lindhe, J. Dimension of the peri-implant mocosa. Biological width revisited. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1996; 23: 971- 973
6. Buser, D., Weber, H. P., Donath, K., Fiorel- lini, J. P., Paquette, D. W. & Williams, R. C. Soft tissue reactions ton on-sub-merged unloaded tita- nium implants in beagle dogs. Journal of Periodon- tology 1992; 63: 226-236.
7. Ericsson, I., Berglundh, T., Marinello, C. P., Liljenberg , B. & Lindhe, J. Long-standing plaque and gingitis at implants and teeth in the dog. Clinical Oral Implants Research 1992; 3: 99-103.
8. Ericsson, I., Persson, L. G., Berglundh T., Marinello, C. P., Lindhe, J. & Klinge, B. Different types of imflammatory reactions in peri-implant soft tissues. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1995; 22: 255-261.

9. I. Abrahamsson, T. Berlundh and J. Lindhe. The mucosal barrier following abutment dis/reconnection. An experimental study in dogs. J. Clin Periodontol 1997; 24: 568-572.
10. Hermann JS, Cochrane DL, Nummikoski PV, Buser D. Crestal bone changes around titanium implants. A radiographic evaluation of unloaded nonsubmerged and submerged implants in the cani- ne mandible. J Periodontol 1997; 68: 1117-1130.
11. Hermann JS, Schoolfield JD, Nummi- kovski PV, Buser D, Schenk RK, Cochran DL. Crestal bone changes around titanium implants: A methodologic study comparing linear radiographic with histometric measurements. Int J Oral Maxillo- fac Implants 2001;16:475-485
12. Myron Nevins, David M Kim, Sang-Ho Jun, Kevin Guze, Peter Schupbach, Marc L. Ne- vins. Histologic evidence of a connective tissue at- tachment to laser microgrooved abutments: a canine study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2010; 30: 245-255.
13. Sawase, T. W. A., Hallgren, C., Alb- rektsson, T. & Baba, K. Chemical and topographi- cal surface analysis of five different implant abut- ments. Clin Oral Implants Research 2000; 11: 44- 50.
14. Quirynen, M., Marechal, M., Busscher, H. J., Weerkamp, A. H., Dariius, P. L. & van Steen- berghe, D. The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo in man. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1990;17: 138-144.
15. Goldman HM. The behavior of transseptal fibers in periodontal disease. J Dent Res 1957; 36: 249-254.
16. Listgarten MA , Lang NP, Schroeder HE, Schroeder A. Periodontal tissue and their counter- parts around endosseous implants. Cin Oral Implant Res 1991; 2; 1-19.
17. Gargiulo AW, Wentz FM, Orban B. Di- mensions of the dentogingival junction in humans. J Periodontol 1969; 32: 261-267.