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The Effect of Mouthrinses on Water Sorption And Solubility of Composite Resins

Year 2017, Volume: 44 Issue: 3 - Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 129 - 140, 01.08.2017

Abstract

In this study, the effect of two different mouthrinses, alcohol containing Listerine Cool Mint and alcohol-free Signal White Now mouthrinses, on the sorption and solubility of a microhybrid Dynamic Plus and a nanoceramic Zenit composite resins after 1 and 7 days storage was investigated. 30 disc-shaped 10mm x 2mm specimens for each composite resin were prepared. The discs for each dental composites were randomly assigned to 3 groups n=10 . The test solutions were selected as commercially avaible alcohol containing mouthrinse Listerine Cool Mint and alcohol-free mouthrinse Signal White Now , distilled water was used as the control. The specimens were dessicated for 22 hours at 37±1˚C and then placed in an oven for 2 hours at 23±1˚C. The mass and volume for each specimen were calculated. The specimens were individually placed in plactic vials by immersing 10 ml of mouthrinse / distilled water at 37±1 ºC for 1 day and 7 days. At the end of 1 day and 7 days, each disc was reweighed by using analytic balance. The sorption and solubility values were calculated based on BS EN ISO 4049:2000. The data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests α=0.05 . According to the statistical analysis results, Dynamic Plus composite resin exposed to Listerine Cool Mint mouthrinse and Zenit composite resin exposed to Signal White Now mouthrinse showed the highest sorption values at the end of 1st and 7th day. The solubility values of both composite resins were negative. On comparing the results with ISO 4049:2000 requirement, it was obtained that all composites showed lower sorption and solubility values than maximum requiremen

References

  • 1. Ferracane JL. Resin composite--state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011;27(1):29-38.
  • 2. Ferracane JL Current trends in dental composites. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1995;6(4):302-18.
  • 3. Ilie N, Hickel R. Resin composite restorative materials. Aust Dent J. 2011;56 Suppl 1:59-66.
  • 4. Mahmoud SH, El-Embaby AE, AbdAllah AM. Clinical performance of ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic resin composites in Class I and Class II restorations: a three-year evaluation. Oper Dent 2014;39(1):32-42.
  • 5. Ozer S, Sen Tunc E, Tuloglu N, Bayrak S. Solubility of two resin composites in different mouthrinses. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:580675.
  • 6. Dos Santos PA, Garcia PP, De Oliveira AL, Chinelatti MA, Palma-Dibb RG. Chemical and morphological features of dental composite resin: influence of light curing units and immersion media. Microsc Res Tech 2010;73(3):176-81.
  • 7. Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater 2006;22(3):211-22.
  • 8. Al Sunbul H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Resinbased composites show similar kinetic profiles for dimensional change and recovery with solvent storage. Dent Mater 2015;31(10):e201-17.
  • 9. Curtis AR, Shortall AC, Marquis PM, Palin WM. Water uptake and strength characteristics of a nanofilled resin-based composite. J Dent 2008;36(3):186-93.
  • 10. Yap AU, Tan BW, Tay LC, Chang KM, Loy TK, Mok BY. Effect of mouthrinses on microhardness and wear of composite and compomer restoratives. Oper Dent 2003;28(6): 740-6.
  • 11. Benetti AR, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Pallesen U, Franco EB. Influence of curing rate on softening in ethanol, degree of conversion, and wear of resin composite Am J Dent 2011; 24(2): 115-8.
  • 12. de Moraes Porto IC, das Neves LE, de Souza CK, Parolia A, Barbosa dos Santos N. A comparative effect of mouthwashes with different alcohol concentrations on surface ardness, sorption and solubility of composite resins. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014;13(2):502-6.
  • 13. Lee SY, Huang HM, Lin CY, and Shih YH. Leached components form dental composites in oral simulating fluids and the resultant composite strengths. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25 (8):575–88.
  • 14. Sideridou ID, Karabela MM, Vouvoudi EC. Dynamic thermomechanical properties and sorption characteristics of two commercial light cured dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2008;24 (6):737– 43.
  • 15. Moran JM, Chemical plaque controlprevention for the masses. Periodontology 2000; 15:109–17.
  • 16. Bhatti SA, Walsh TF, and Douglas CW. Ethanol and pH levels of proprietary mouthrinses. Community Dent Health 1994; 11(2):71–4.
  • 17. Elmar R, Petersson LG, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Mouthrinses and dental caries. Int Dent J 2002; 52 (5): 337-45
  • 18. Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JG, da Silva EM. The effect of mouthrinses on salivary sorption,solubility and surface degradation of a nanofilled and a hybrid resin composite. Oper Dent 2010;35(1):105-11.
  • 19. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Guidelines for chemistry and technology requirements of indirect additive petitions. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,(1976) Washington DC, USA: p.:11.
  • 20. Toledano M, Osorio R, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Romeo A, de la Higuera B, García-Godoy F. Sorption and solubility testing of orthodontic bonding cements in different solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006;76(2):251-6.
  • 21. Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Hygroscopic expansion kinetics of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater 2014;30 (2):143-8.
  • 22. Archegas LR, Caldas DB, Rached RN, Vieira S, Souza EM. Sorption and solubility of composites cured with quartz-tungsten halogen and light emitting diode light-curing units. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;1;9(2):73-80.
  • 23. Martin N, Jedynakiewicz NM, Fisher AC. Hygroscopic expansion and solubility of composite restoratives. Dent Mater 2003;19(2):77-86
  • 24. Palin WM, Fleming GJ, Burke FJ, Marquis PM, Randall RC. The influence of short and medium-term water immersion on the hydrolytic stability of novel low-shrink dental composites. Dent Mater 2005;21(9):852- 63.
  • 25. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Long-term sorption and solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites in water and artificial saliva. J Dent 2015;43(12):1511-8.
  • 26. Örtengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, Ruyter IE. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28 (12):1106–15.
  • 27. Örtengren U, Langer S, Göransson A, Lundgren T. Influence of pH and time on organic substance release from a model dental composite: a fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112 (6): 530–7.
  • 28. Rahim TN, Mohamad D, Akil H, Rahman I. Water sorption characteristics of restorative dental composites immersed in acidic drinks. Dent Mater 2012;28(6):e63- 70.
  • 29. Burrow MF, Inokoshi S, Tagami J. Water sorption of several bonding resins. Am J Dent 1999;12(6):295-8.
  • 30. Fontes ST, Fernández MR, de Moura CM, Meireles SS. Color stability of a nanofill composite: effect of different immersion media. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(5):388-91.
  • 31. da Silva EM, Gonçalves L, Guimarães JG, Poskus LT, Fellows CE. The diffusion kinetics of a nanofilled and a midifilled resin composite immersed in distilled water, artificial saliva, and lactic acid. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15(3):393- 401.
  • 32. Gonçalves L, Noronha Filho JD, Guimarães JG, Poskus LT, Silva EM. Solubility, salivary sorption and degree of conversion of dimethacrylate-based polymeric matrixes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008;85(2):320-5.
  • 33. da Silva EM, Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JG. Relationship between the degree of conversion, solubility and salivary sorption of a hybrid and a nanofilled resin composite. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16(2):161-6.
  • 34. Ayatollahi MR, Yahya MY, Karimzadeh A, Nikkhooyifar M, Ayob A. Effects of temperature change and beverage on mechanical and tribological properties of dental restorative composites. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015;54:69-75.
  • 35. Kalachandra S, Wilson TW. Water sorption and mechanical properties of light-cured proprietary composite tooth restorative materials. Biomaterials 1992;13(2):105-9.
  • 36. Kahraman R. Effects of the aluminum filler content on moisture diffusion into epoxy adhesives in distilled water and sea water. J Appl Polym Sci 2005;98 (3):1165–71.
  • 37. Gau DJ, Krause EA. Etching effect of topical fluorides on dental porcelains: a preliminary study. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor). 1973;39(6):410-5.
  • 38. von Fraunhofer JA, Kelley JI, DePaola LG, Meiller TF. The effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental restorative materials. Gen Dent 2006;54(6):403-7.
  • 39. Martosa J, Osinagaa PWR, de Oliveirab E, de Castroc LAS. Hydrolytic Degradation of Composite Resins: Effects on the Microhardness. Materials Res 2003; 6(4): 599-604.
  • 40. Örtengren U, Andersson F, Elgh U, Terselius B, Karlsson S. Influence of pH and storage time on the sorption and solubility behaviour of three composite resin materials. J Dent 2001;29(1):35-41.
  • 41. Prakki A, Cilli R, Mondelli RF, Kalachandra S, Pereira JC. Influence of pH environment on polymer based dental material properties. J Dent 2005;33(2):91-8.
  • 42. Asmussen E. Softening of BISGMAbased polymers by ethanol and by organic acids of plaque. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):257-61.
  • 43. Weiner R, Millstein P, Hoang E, Marshall D. The effect of alcoholic and nonalcoholic mouthwashes on heattreated composite resin. Oper Dent 1997;22(6):249-53.
  • 44. McKinney JE, Wu W. Chemical softening and wear of dental composites. J Dent Res 1985;64(11):1326-31.
  • 45. Hahnel S, Henrich A, Bürgers R, Handel G, Rosentritt M. Investigation of mechanical properties of modern dental composites after artificial aging for one year. Oper Dent 2010;35(4):412-9.
  • 46. Sarrett DC, Coletti DP, Peluso AR. The effects of alcoholic beverages on composite wear. Dent Mater 2000;16(1):62-7.
  • 47. Malacarne J, Carvalho RM, de Goes MF, Svizero N, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu CK, Carrilho MR. ater sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 2006;22(10):973-80.
  • 48. Lopes LG, Jardim Filho Ada V, de Souza JB, Rabelo D, Franco EB, de Freitas GC. Influence of pulse-delay curing on sorption and solubility of a composite resin. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(1):27-31.
  • 49. Mathias P, Santos SR, Aguiar TR, Santos PR, Cavalcanti AN. Cigarette smoke: effects on water sorption and solubility of restorative dental composites. Gen Dent 2014;62(2):54-7.
  • 50. Münchow EA, Ferreira AC, Machado RM, Ramos TS, Rodrigues-Junior SA, Zanchi CH. Effect of acidic solutions on the surface degradation of a microhybrid composite resin. Braz Dent J 2014;25(4):321-6.
  • 51. International Organization for Standardization. BS EN ISO 4049:2000 polymer-based filling, restorative and luting materials. Brussels; 2000.

Kompozit rezinlerin su emilimi ve çözünürlüğü üzerine gargaralarin etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 44 Issue: 3 - Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 129 - 140, 01.08.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, mikrohibrid Dynamic Plus ve nanoseramik Zenit yapıdaki iki farklı kompozit rezinin su emilimi ve çözünürlüğü üzerine alkol içeren Listerine Cool Mint ve içermeyen Signal White Now iki farklı ağız gargarasının 1 ve 7 gün sonundaki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her bir kompozit rezin için 30 adet örnek hazırlandı 10mmx2mm ve örnekler, her grupta 10 adet olacak şekilde rastgele 3 gruba ayrıldı. Piyasada bulunan iki farklı ağız gargarası alkol içeren Listerine Cool Mint ve alkol içermeyen Signal White Now test solüsyonu olarak, distile su ise kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Tüm örnekler, kompozit rezinlerden nemin uzaklaşmasını sağlamak için desikatörde 37±1˚C'de 22 saat, daha sonra 23±1˚C'deki fırında 2 saat bekletildi. Her bir örneğin ağırlığı ve hacmi hesaplandı. Örnekler 1 gün ve 7 gün süreyle 37 ± 1 ºC'de etüvde 10 ml gargara/distile su ile dolu plastik şişelere konuldu. 1 gün ve 7 gün sonunda sıvıların içerisinden alınan her bir örnek hassas terazide tekrar tartıldı. Su emilimi ve çözünürlük değerlerinin hesaplanması BS EN ISO 4049:2000 standart metoduna dayanarak yapıldı. Veriler istatiksel olarak tek yönlü varyans analizi oneway-ANOVA ve Tukey HSD testi değerlendirildi. Tüm istatistiksel analizler için α=0.05 seviyesi anlamlı kabul edildi. İstatiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre, 1.gün ve 7.gün sonunda en yüksek su emilim değerlerini Dynamic Plus kompozit rezin Listerine Cool Mint gargarada, Zenit kompozit rezin ise Signal White Now gargarada bekletildiğinde göstermiştir. Çözünürlük değerleri açısından bakıldığında, her iki kompozit rezinde de hem gargaralarda hem de distile suda çözünürlük değerleri negatif olarak elde edilmiştir. Hem su emilimi hem de çözünürlük değerleri ISO 4049:2000 standartlarında belirlenmiş sınırlardan oldukça düşük bulunmuştur.

References

  • 1. Ferracane JL. Resin composite--state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011;27(1):29-38.
  • 2. Ferracane JL Current trends in dental composites. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1995;6(4):302-18.
  • 3. Ilie N, Hickel R. Resin composite restorative materials. Aust Dent J. 2011;56 Suppl 1:59-66.
  • 4. Mahmoud SH, El-Embaby AE, AbdAllah AM. Clinical performance of ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic resin composites in Class I and Class II restorations: a three-year evaluation. Oper Dent 2014;39(1):32-42.
  • 5. Ozer S, Sen Tunc E, Tuloglu N, Bayrak S. Solubility of two resin composites in different mouthrinses. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:580675.
  • 6. Dos Santos PA, Garcia PP, De Oliveira AL, Chinelatti MA, Palma-Dibb RG. Chemical and morphological features of dental composite resin: influence of light curing units and immersion media. Microsc Res Tech 2010;73(3):176-81.
  • 7. Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater 2006;22(3):211-22.
  • 8. Al Sunbul H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Resinbased composites show similar kinetic profiles for dimensional change and recovery with solvent storage. Dent Mater 2015;31(10):e201-17.
  • 9. Curtis AR, Shortall AC, Marquis PM, Palin WM. Water uptake and strength characteristics of a nanofilled resin-based composite. J Dent 2008;36(3):186-93.
  • 10. Yap AU, Tan BW, Tay LC, Chang KM, Loy TK, Mok BY. Effect of mouthrinses on microhardness and wear of composite and compomer restoratives. Oper Dent 2003;28(6): 740-6.
  • 11. Benetti AR, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Pallesen U, Franco EB. Influence of curing rate on softening in ethanol, degree of conversion, and wear of resin composite Am J Dent 2011; 24(2): 115-8.
  • 12. de Moraes Porto IC, das Neves LE, de Souza CK, Parolia A, Barbosa dos Santos N. A comparative effect of mouthwashes with different alcohol concentrations on surface ardness, sorption and solubility of composite resins. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014;13(2):502-6.
  • 13. Lee SY, Huang HM, Lin CY, and Shih YH. Leached components form dental composites in oral simulating fluids and the resultant composite strengths. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25 (8):575–88.
  • 14. Sideridou ID, Karabela MM, Vouvoudi EC. Dynamic thermomechanical properties and sorption characteristics of two commercial light cured dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2008;24 (6):737– 43.
  • 15. Moran JM, Chemical plaque controlprevention for the masses. Periodontology 2000; 15:109–17.
  • 16. Bhatti SA, Walsh TF, and Douglas CW. Ethanol and pH levels of proprietary mouthrinses. Community Dent Health 1994; 11(2):71–4.
  • 17. Elmar R, Petersson LG, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Mouthrinses and dental caries. Int Dent J 2002; 52 (5): 337-45
  • 18. Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JG, da Silva EM. The effect of mouthrinses on salivary sorption,solubility and surface degradation of a nanofilled and a hybrid resin composite. Oper Dent 2010;35(1):105-11.
  • 19. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Guidelines for chemistry and technology requirements of indirect additive petitions. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,(1976) Washington DC, USA: p.:11.
  • 20. Toledano M, Osorio R, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Romeo A, de la Higuera B, García-Godoy F. Sorption and solubility testing of orthodontic bonding cements in different solutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006;76(2):251-6.
  • 21. Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Hygroscopic expansion kinetics of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater 2014;30 (2):143-8.
  • 22. Archegas LR, Caldas DB, Rached RN, Vieira S, Souza EM. Sorption and solubility of composites cured with quartz-tungsten halogen and light emitting diode light-curing units. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;1;9(2):73-80.
  • 23. Martin N, Jedynakiewicz NM, Fisher AC. Hygroscopic expansion and solubility of composite restoratives. Dent Mater 2003;19(2):77-86
  • 24. Palin WM, Fleming GJ, Burke FJ, Marquis PM, Randall RC. The influence of short and medium-term water immersion on the hydrolytic stability of novel low-shrink dental composites. Dent Mater 2005;21(9):852- 63.
  • 25. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Long-term sorption and solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites in water and artificial saliva. J Dent 2015;43(12):1511-8.
  • 26. Örtengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, Ruyter IE. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28 (12):1106–15.
  • 27. Örtengren U, Langer S, Göransson A, Lundgren T. Influence of pH and time on organic substance release from a model dental composite: a fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112 (6): 530–7.
  • 28. Rahim TN, Mohamad D, Akil H, Rahman I. Water sorption characteristics of restorative dental composites immersed in acidic drinks. Dent Mater 2012;28(6):e63- 70.
  • 29. Burrow MF, Inokoshi S, Tagami J. Water sorption of several bonding resins. Am J Dent 1999;12(6):295-8.
  • 30. Fontes ST, Fernández MR, de Moura CM, Meireles SS. Color stability of a nanofill composite: effect of different immersion media. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(5):388-91.
  • 31. da Silva EM, Gonçalves L, Guimarães JG, Poskus LT, Fellows CE. The diffusion kinetics of a nanofilled and a midifilled resin composite immersed in distilled water, artificial saliva, and lactic acid. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15(3):393- 401.
  • 32. Gonçalves L, Noronha Filho JD, Guimarães JG, Poskus LT, Silva EM. Solubility, salivary sorption and degree of conversion of dimethacrylate-based polymeric matrixes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008;85(2):320-5.
  • 33. da Silva EM, Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JG. Relationship between the degree of conversion, solubility and salivary sorption of a hybrid and a nanofilled resin composite. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16(2):161-6.
  • 34. Ayatollahi MR, Yahya MY, Karimzadeh A, Nikkhooyifar M, Ayob A. Effects of temperature change and beverage on mechanical and tribological properties of dental restorative composites. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015;54:69-75.
  • 35. Kalachandra S, Wilson TW. Water sorption and mechanical properties of light-cured proprietary composite tooth restorative materials. Biomaterials 1992;13(2):105-9.
  • 36. Kahraman R. Effects of the aluminum filler content on moisture diffusion into epoxy adhesives in distilled water and sea water. J Appl Polym Sci 2005;98 (3):1165–71.
  • 37. Gau DJ, Krause EA. Etching effect of topical fluorides on dental porcelains: a preliminary study. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor). 1973;39(6):410-5.
  • 38. von Fraunhofer JA, Kelley JI, DePaola LG, Meiller TF. The effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental restorative materials. Gen Dent 2006;54(6):403-7.
  • 39. Martosa J, Osinagaa PWR, de Oliveirab E, de Castroc LAS. Hydrolytic Degradation of Composite Resins: Effects on the Microhardness. Materials Res 2003; 6(4): 599-604.
  • 40. Örtengren U, Andersson F, Elgh U, Terselius B, Karlsson S. Influence of pH and storage time on the sorption and solubility behaviour of three composite resin materials. J Dent 2001;29(1):35-41.
  • 41. Prakki A, Cilli R, Mondelli RF, Kalachandra S, Pereira JC. Influence of pH environment on polymer based dental material properties. J Dent 2005;33(2):91-8.
  • 42. Asmussen E. Softening of BISGMAbased polymers by ethanol and by organic acids of plaque. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):257-61.
  • 43. Weiner R, Millstein P, Hoang E, Marshall D. The effect of alcoholic and nonalcoholic mouthwashes on heattreated composite resin. Oper Dent 1997;22(6):249-53.
  • 44. McKinney JE, Wu W. Chemical softening and wear of dental composites. J Dent Res 1985;64(11):1326-31.
  • 45. Hahnel S, Henrich A, Bürgers R, Handel G, Rosentritt M. Investigation of mechanical properties of modern dental composites after artificial aging for one year. Oper Dent 2010;35(4):412-9.
  • 46. Sarrett DC, Coletti DP, Peluso AR. The effects of alcoholic beverages on composite wear. Dent Mater 2000;16(1):62-7.
  • 47. Malacarne J, Carvalho RM, de Goes MF, Svizero N, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu CK, Carrilho MR. ater sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 2006;22(10):973-80.
  • 48. Lopes LG, Jardim Filho Ada V, de Souza JB, Rabelo D, Franco EB, de Freitas GC. Influence of pulse-delay curing on sorption and solubility of a composite resin. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(1):27-31.
  • 49. Mathias P, Santos SR, Aguiar TR, Santos PR, Cavalcanti AN. Cigarette smoke: effects on water sorption and solubility of restorative dental composites. Gen Dent 2014;62(2):54-7.
  • 50. Münchow EA, Ferreira AC, Machado RM, Ramos TS, Rodrigues-Junior SA, Zanchi CH. Effect of acidic solutions on the surface degradation of a microhybrid composite resin. Braz Dent J 2014;25(4):321-6.
  • 51. International Organization for Standardization. BS EN ISO 4049:2000 polymer-based filling, restorative and luting materials. Brussels; 2000.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceren Değer

Pouya Kari This is me

Arzu Müjdeci This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 44 Issue: 3 - Volume: 44 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Değer C, Kari P, Müjdeci A. Kompozit rezinlerin su emilimi ve çözünürlüğü üzerine gargaralarin etkisi. EADS. 2017;44(3):129-40.