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Determination of relationship between socioeconomical status and need of periodontal treatment of school children in mixed and permanent dentition periods

Year 2014, Volume: 41 Issue: 1 - Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 21 - 28, 01.02.2014

Abstract

Literature affirms that children and adolescents are not immun to gingival and periodontal pathology. In fact, gingivitis is a common finding in children of different geographic regions, countries, cultures and socioeconomic groups. Socioeconomic factors have been identified as predisposing factors in the development of periodontal disease and other oral diseases. Poor life style, low education and negative psychosocial condition could play an important role in the aetiology of these problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the periodontal health status and need for treatment among school children in mixed and permanent dentitions 6-17 years old belonging to different socioeconomic levels in Isparta, Turkey. Data was collected using “Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs” CPITN to assess the periodontal treatment need. For this purpose; “gingival bleeding”, “calculus”, “dental plaque” and “periodontal pockets” were assessed. The children were divided to three socioeconomic classes based on Modified Kuppuswamy's Socioeconomic Status Scale: “upper”, “middle” and “lower”. The data was analysed using Fisher’s exact tests. As the result of the study we determined that, children and adolescents that examined in different groups revealed similar evidence for perio dontal treatment need. In our study, number of individuals that have gingival or periodontal symptoms or diseases as gingival bleeding, dental plaque or calculus, are greater than healty subjects in all socioeconomic levels. We thought that, the cause of high CPITN scores in all socioeconomic groups is consuming foods riched by carbonhydrate and poor oral hygien habits of children and adolescents.

References

  • Carranza FA. Classification of diseases of the periodontium. In: Carranza FA and Newman MG, editors. Clinical Periodontology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2006; p.58-81.
  • Chauhan VS, Chauhan RS, Devkar N, Vibhute A, More S. Gingival and periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. JDAS 2012; 1: 26- 9.
  • Sbaraglia M, Turnbull RS, Locker D. Risk in- dicators for periodontal disease in a remote Canadian community- a dental practise based study. J Public Health Dent 2002; 1: 51-6.
  • Klinge B, Norlund A. A socio-economic pers- pective on periodontal disease: a systemic re- view. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 314-25.
  • Hausmann E, Allen K, Clerehugh V. What al- veolar crest level on a bitewing radiograph represents bone loss? J Periodontol 1991; 62: 570-2.
  • Bimstein E, Needleman HL, Karimbux N Van Dyke TE. Periodontal and Gingival He- alth and Diseases in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. London,UK: Martin Dunitz Publishers Martin Dunitz Ltd: 2001.
  • Ainamo J, Barnes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Infirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Commu- nity Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982; 32: 281-91.
  • Cutress TW. Periodontal health and periodon- tal disease in young people: global epidemio- logy. Int Dent J 1986; 36: 146-51.
  • Croxson LJ. A simplified periodontal scree- ning examination: the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (WHO) in general practice. Int Dent J 1984; 34: 28-34.
  • British Society of Periodontology. Periodonto- logy in general dental practice. A first policy statement. London: British Society of Perio- dontology. 1986.
  • FDI. A simplified periodontal examination for dental practices based on the Community Peri- odontal Index of Treatment Needs-CPITN. Pa- ris: FDI. 1986.
  • Cutress TW, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment ne- eds (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int Dent J 1987; 37: 222-33.
  • Chesters RK, Dexter CH, Life JS, Smales FC, van der Ouderaa F. Periodontal awareness pro- ject in the United Kingdom: CPITN and self- assessment. Int Dent J 1987; 37: 218-21.
  • Frisco CL, Bramson JB. Periodontal screening and recording: perceptions and effects on prac- tice. J Am Dent Assoc 1993; 124: 226-32.
  • Piazzini LF. Periodontal screening & recording (PSR) application in children and adolescents. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1994; 18: 165-71.
  • Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy C. Oral health sta- tus in relation to socioeconomic factors among the municipal employees of Mysore city. In- dian J Dent Res 2011; 22: 410-8.
  • Mughal AR, Sadiq M, Hyder SN, Qureshi AU, A Shah SS, Khan MA, Nasir JA. Socioecono- mic status and impact of treatment on families of children with congenital heart disease. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2011; 21: 398-402.
  • Somdatta P, Baridalyne N. Awareness of bre- ast cancer in women of an urban resettlement colony. Indian J Cancer 2008; 45: 149-53.
  • Emslie RD. The 621 periodontal probe. Int Dent J 1980; 30: 287-8.
  • de Almeida CM, Petersen PE, André SJ, Tos- cano A. Changing oral health status of 6- and 12-year-old schoolchildren in Portugal. Com- munity Dent Health 2003; 20: 211-6.
  • Shenoy RP, Sequeira PS. Effectiveness of a school dental education program in improving oral health knowledge and oral hygiene practi- ces and status of 12- to 13-year-old school children. Indian J Dent Res 2010; 21: 253-9.
  • Borrell LN, Crawford ND. Socioeconomic po- sition indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence. Periodontology 2000 2012; 58: 69-83.
  • Prashanth VK, Doddamani AS, Abbayya K, Yunus GY, Konakeri V. Influence of Socioe- conomic Status on Periodontal Health Among 15 Year Old School Children of Dhule City India. JIDA 2010; 4: 450-3.
  • López NJ, Rios V, Fernandez O. Periodontal conditions in 15-19-year-old Chileans. Int Dent J 1996; 46: 161-4.
  • Idris F. Periodontal disease prevalence and some related factors among 15 years old school children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Su- danese Journal of Public Health 2010; 5: 187- 92.
  • Jürgensen N, Petersen PE. Oral health and the impact of socio-behavioural factors in a cross sectional survey of 12-year old school children in Laos. BMC Oral Health. 2009; 16: 29.
  • Miyazaki H, Pilot T, Leclercq MH, Barmes DE. Profiles of periodontal conditions in ado- lescents measured by CPITN. Int Dent J 1991; 41: 67-73.

Karma ve daimi dişlenme dönemlerinde bulunan okul çocuklarının sosyoekonomik seviyeleri ve periodontal tedavi ihtiyaçları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2014, Volume: 41 Issue: 1 - Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 21 - 28, 01.02.2014

Abstract

Literatür, çocuklar ve adölesanların, gingival ve periodontal patolojilere karşı bağışık olmadıklarını göstermektedir. Özellikle gingivitisin, değişik coğrafik bölgeler, ülkeler, kültürler ve sosyoekonomik gruplarda yaygın görülen bir hastalık olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sosyoekonomik faktörler, periodontal hastalığın ve diğer oral hastalıkların gelişiminde predispozan faktörler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Düşük gelir düzeyi, yetersiz eğitim ve olumsuz psikososyal durum, bu problemlerin meydana gelmesinde önemli rol oynayabilir. Çalışmanın amacı, Isparta/Merkez’de, farklı sosyoekonomik seviyelerdeki SES , karma ve daimi 6-17 yaş dişlenme dönemlerindeki okul çocuklarında, periodontal sağlık durumunun ve tedavi ihtiyacının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada, periodontal tedavi ihtiyacının belirlenmesinde; “Toplumsal Periodontal Tedavi İhtiyacı İndeksi” TPTİİ kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla; şeti kanaması”, “diş taşı”, “plak” ve “periodontal cep” değerlendirilmiştir. Çocuklar, SES bakımından “Modifiye Kuppuswamy Sosyoekonomik Durum Skalası” ’na göre “yüksek”, “orta” ve “düşük” olmak üzere 3 ayrı gruba ayrılmıştır. Veriler, Fisher’s exact testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, muayene edilen farklı gruplardaki çocuk ve adölesanların, periodontal tedavi ihtiyacı bakımından benzer bulgular gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda, tüm sosyoekonomik seviyelerde, dişeti kanaması, dental plak veya diş taşı gibi gingival veya periodontal semptomu veya hastalığı olan birey sayısının, sağlıklı birey sayısından daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tüm sosyoekonomik gruplarda yüksek olan TPTİİ skorlarının sebebi, çocuk ve adölesanların karbonhidrat bakımından zengin gıdaları tüketmeleri ve kötü oral hijyen alışkanlıklarına sahip olmaları ile açıklanabilir

References

  • Carranza FA. Classification of diseases of the periodontium. In: Carranza FA and Newman MG, editors. Clinical Periodontology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2006; p.58-81.
  • Chauhan VS, Chauhan RS, Devkar N, Vibhute A, More S. Gingival and periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. JDAS 2012; 1: 26- 9.
  • Sbaraglia M, Turnbull RS, Locker D. Risk in- dicators for periodontal disease in a remote Canadian community- a dental practise based study. J Public Health Dent 2002; 1: 51-6.
  • Klinge B, Norlund A. A socio-economic pers- pective on periodontal disease: a systemic re- view. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 314-25.
  • Hausmann E, Allen K, Clerehugh V. What al- veolar crest level on a bitewing radiograph represents bone loss? J Periodontol 1991; 62: 570-2.
  • Bimstein E, Needleman HL, Karimbux N Van Dyke TE. Periodontal and Gingival He- alth and Diseases in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. London,UK: Martin Dunitz Publishers Martin Dunitz Ltd: 2001.
  • Ainamo J, Barnes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Infirri J. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Commu- nity Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982; 32: 281-91.
  • Cutress TW. Periodontal health and periodon- tal disease in young people: global epidemio- logy. Int Dent J 1986; 36: 146-51.
  • Croxson LJ. A simplified periodontal scree- ning examination: the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (WHO) in general practice. Int Dent J 1984; 34: 28-34.
  • British Society of Periodontology. Periodonto- logy in general dental practice. A first policy statement. London: British Society of Perio- dontology. 1986.
  • FDI. A simplified periodontal examination for dental practices based on the Community Peri- odontal Index of Treatment Needs-CPITN. Pa- ris: FDI. 1986.
  • Cutress TW, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment ne- eds (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int Dent J 1987; 37: 222-33.
  • Chesters RK, Dexter CH, Life JS, Smales FC, van der Ouderaa F. Periodontal awareness pro- ject in the United Kingdom: CPITN and self- assessment. Int Dent J 1987; 37: 218-21.
  • Frisco CL, Bramson JB. Periodontal screening and recording: perceptions and effects on prac- tice. J Am Dent Assoc 1993; 124: 226-32.
  • Piazzini LF. Periodontal screening & recording (PSR) application in children and adolescents. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1994; 18: 165-71.
  • Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy C. Oral health sta- tus in relation to socioeconomic factors among the municipal employees of Mysore city. In- dian J Dent Res 2011; 22: 410-8.
  • Mughal AR, Sadiq M, Hyder SN, Qureshi AU, A Shah SS, Khan MA, Nasir JA. Socioecono- mic status and impact of treatment on families of children with congenital heart disease. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2011; 21: 398-402.
  • Somdatta P, Baridalyne N. Awareness of bre- ast cancer in women of an urban resettlement colony. Indian J Cancer 2008; 45: 149-53.
  • Emslie RD. The 621 periodontal probe. Int Dent J 1980; 30: 287-8.
  • de Almeida CM, Petersen PE, André SJ, Tos- cano A. Changing oral health status of 6- and 12-year-old schoolchildren in Portugal. Com- munity Dent Health 2003; 20: 211-6.
  • Shenoy RP, Sequeira PS. Effectiveness of a school dental education program in improving oral health knowledge and oral hygiene practi- ces and status of 12- to 13-year-old school children. Indian J Dent Res 2010; 21: 253-9.
  • Borrell LN, Crawford ND. Socioeconomic po- sition indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence. Periodontology 2000 2012; 58: 69-83.
  • Prashanth VK, Doddamani AS, Abbayya K, Yunus GY, Konakeri V. Influence of Socioe- conomic Status on Periodontal Health Among 15 Year Old School Children of Dhule City India. JIDA 2010; 4: 450-3.
  • López NJ, Rios V, Fernandez O. Periodontal conditions in 15-19-year-old Chileans. Int Dent J 1996; 46: 161-4.
  • Idris F. Periodontal disease prevalence and some related factors among 15 years old school children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Su- danese Journal of Public Health 2010; 5: 187- 92.
  • Jürgensen N, Petersen PE. Oral health and the impact of socio-behavioural factors in a cross sectional survey of 12-year old school children in Laos. BMC Oral Health. 2009; 16: 29.
  • Miyazaki H, Pilot T, Leclercq MH, Barmes DE. Profiles of periodontal conditions in ado- lescents measured by CPITN. Int Dent J 1991; 41: 67-73.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çiğdem Küçükeşmen This is me

Zuhal Kırzıoğlu This is me

Yıldırım Erdoğan This is me

Özge Güngör This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 41 Issue: 1 - Volume: 41 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Küçükeşmen Ç, Kırzıoğlu Z, Erdoğan Y, Güngör Ö. Karma ve daimi dişlenme dönemlerinde bulunan okul çocuklarının sosyoekonomik seviyeleri ve periodontal tedavi ihtiyaçları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. EADS. 2014;41(1):21-8.