Scientific Impact of Conventional and Novel Cigarette Products on Dentistry: A Bibliometric Mapping of Publications

Year 2025, Volume: 52 Issue: 3, 120 - 127

Melek Almıla Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.52037/eads.2025.0018

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the global trends of scientific publications examining the impact of conventional and novel cigarette products on dental materials using bibliometric methods.
Materials & Methods: This bibliometric study investigates works conducted between 2010 and 2025 that examine the impact of cigarette products on dental materials worldwide. For this purpose, a search in the Web of Science (WOS) database was conducted using the keywords (“cigarette” OR “smoking” OR “e-cigarette” OR “electronic cigarette” OR “heated tobacco products”) AND (“dental material” OR “dental tissue” OR "enamel” OR “dentin” OR “resin composite” OR “dental composite” OR “dental porcelain”). All text data were analyzed using VOSviewer (ver 1.6.20) software to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Results: Information has been provided about the 273 articles obtained from the WOS database and the 9,606 citations these articles received. The average number of citations per article is 35, and the H-index is 49. Since 2010, both the number of articles and citations have increased. As a result of the keyword analysis, the most frequently used and interconnected conceptual clusters in the literature include terms such as “periodontitis”, “guided tissue regeneration,” and “gingival recession.” The United States, Brazil, and Italy are the leading countries publishing the most articles on this topic, contributing to approximately 50% of the total. Most of the articles (86%) are categorized in the SCI-Expanded category.
Conclusion: Studies investigating the effects of cigarettes on dental-periodontal tissues and dental materials are predominantly scientifically impactful and reliable publications. Research on this topic is increasingly gaining popularity and attracting attention.
Keywords: Cigarettes, Dental materials, Dental tissues, Electronic cigarettes, Periodontitis

Keywords

Cigarettes , Dental materials , Dental tissues , Electronic cigarettes , Periodontitis

Ethical Statement

This study is a bibliometric analysis that does not include human or animal experiments. Therefore, ethics committee approval is not required.

References

• World Health Organization. Tobacco [Web Page]; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco .
• World Health Organization. Tobacco: E-cigarettes [Web Page]; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tobacco-e-cigarettes .
• World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2025. World Health Organization; 2020.
• Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang HL. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45 Suppl 20:S246–S266. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12954.
• D’Ambrosio F, Pisano M, Amato A, Iandolo A, Caggiano M, Martina S. Periodontal and peri-implant health status in traditional vs. heat-not-burn tobacco and electronic cigarette smokers: A systematic review. Dent J (Basel). 2022;10(6). doi:10.3390/dj10060103.
• Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Scheutz F, López R. Effect of smoking on periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6):831–841. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014.
• Shabil M, Khatib MN, Ballal S, Bansal P, Tomar BS, Ashraf A, et al. The impact of electronic cigarette use on periodontitis and periodontal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):1197. doi:10.1186/s12903-024-05018-7.
• Apatzidou DA. The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy. Periodontol 2000. 2022;90(1):45–61. doi:10.1111/prd.12449.
• Karanjkar RR, Preshaw PM, Ellis JS, Holliday R. Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023;9(1):150–164. doi:10.1002/cre2.683.
• Paolone G, Pavan F, Guglielmi PC, Scotti N, Cantatore G, Vichi A. In vitro procedures for color stability evaluation of dental resin-based composites exposed to smoke: A scoping review. Dent Mater J. 2022;41(6):791–799. doi:10.4012/dmj.2022-106.
• Dalrymple A, Badrock TC, Terry A, Barber M, Hall PJ, Thorne D, et al. Assessment of enamel discoloration in vitro following exposure to cigarette smoke and emissions from novel vapor and tobacco heating products. Am J Dent. 2018;31(5):227–233.
• Dalrymple A, Bean EJ, Badrock TC, Weidman RA, Thissen J, Coburn S, et al. Enamel staining with e-cigarettes, tobacco heating products and modern oral nicotine products compared with cigarettes and snus: An in vitro study. Am J Dent. 2021;34(1):3–9.
• Zanetti F, Zhao X, Pan J, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Ren Y. Effects of cigarette smoke and tobacco heating aerosol on color stability of dental enamel, dentin, and composite resin restorations. Quintessence Int. 2019;50(2):156–166. doi:10.3290/j.qi.a41601.
• Zhao X, Zanetti F, Wang L, Pan J, Majeed S, Malmstrom H, et al. Effects of different discoloration challenges and whitening treatments on dental hard tissues and composite resin restorations. J Dent. 2019;89:103182. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103182.
• Erdogan MA, Kalyoncuoğlu ÜT, Yilmaz Erdemli B. Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva-colored dental materials. J Prosthodont. 2025;34(5):511–519. doi:10.1111/jopr.14054.
• Mahmoud AZ, El-Attar MS, Abu Saied MAA, Hassan IS. Effect of electronic cigarette smoking on color stability of CAD/CAM acrylic resin: In vitro study. Alexandria Dental Journal. 2023;48(3):160–165. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1577546/v1.
• Sonkaya E, Soygun K, Kahraman ÖC. Does cigarette smoke affect permanent resin-based crown materials? J Esthet Restor Dent. 2025;37(2):586–594. doi:10.1111/jerd.13403.
• Ayaz EA, Aladağ S. Effect of cigarette smoke and denture cleansers on the surface properties and color stability of CAD-CAM and conventional denture base resins. Dent Mater J. 2023;42(2):167–176. doi:10.4012/dmj.2022-117.
• Pritchard A. Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation. 1969;25:348.
• Hemmingsen MN, Lau A, Larsen A, Ørholt M. The role of bibliometric analyses in plastic surgery—advantages and disadvantages. Gland Surgery. 2023;12(7):87374–87874. doi:10.21037/gs-23-199.
• Koo M, Lin SC. An analysis of reporting practices in the top 100 cited health and medicine-related bibliometric studies from 2019 to 2021 based on a proposed guidelines. Heliyon. 2023;9(6). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16780.
• Pan HLW, Wiens PD, Moyal A. A bibliometric analysis of the teacher leadership scholarship. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2023;121:103936. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103936.
• Alandia-Roman CC, Cruvinel DR, Sousa AB, Pires-de Souza FC, Panzeri H. Effect of cigarette smoke on color stability and surface roughness of dental composites. J Dent. 2013;41 Suppl 3:e73–9. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.12.004.
• Alrabeah G, Habib SR, Alamro NM, Alzaaqi MA. Evaluation of the effect of electronic cigarette devices/vape on the color of dental ceramics: An in vitro investigation. Materials (Basel). 2023;16(11). doi:10.3390/ma16113977.
• El Shafei SF, Amin AH, Abdelghaffar EG, Moataz S, Makkeyah F, Shamel M, et al. The effect of cigarette smoking and heated tobacco products on different denture materials; an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):179. doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05448-x.
• Pintado-Palomino K, de Almeida C, Oliveira-Santos C, Pires-de Souza FP, Tirapelli C. The effect of electronic cigarettes on dental enamel color. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(2):160–165. doi:10.1111/jerd.12436.
• Takeuchi CY, Corrêa-Afonso AM, Pedrazzi H, Dinelli W, Palma-Dibb RG. Deposition of lead and cadmium released by cigarette smoke in dental structures and resin composite. Microsc Res Tech. 2011;74(3):287–291. doi:10.1002/jemt.20903.
• Van Eck NJ, Waltman L. VOSviewer manual [Generic]; 2016. Available from: https://www.vosviewer.com/documentation/Manual_VOSviewer_1.6.19.pdf .
• Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics. 2017;11(4):959–975. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007.
• Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014;23 Suppl 2:ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482.