Abstract
Crowdfunding (CF) is a an alternative fundraising process to classic ones from the public through crowdfunding platforms under principles set forth by the local regulations, to raise the funds that the issuer entity/project needs. Crowdfunding types can be categorized as “Equity-based crowdfunding (ECF)”, “Debt-based crowdfunding”, “Reward-based crowdfunding”, and “Donation-based crowdfunding”.
Specially Equity- based CF bears the risk of to be used as a tool of capital markets fraud. So it is essential to regulate the fraud risk in Equity-based CF security issuances and protect the retail investors.
The aim and the scope of this article is to make suggestions to protect Equity-based CF investors with the selected regulations like European Union (EU) and Türkiye on equity-based crowdfunding in the scope of investor protection. To keep the article concise and focused, crowdfunding legislation under U.S. law will not be discussed unless it is unavoidable.
Supporting Institution
Nova School of Law
Thanks
Assistant Professor Miguel de Azevedo Moura
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | International and Comparative Law (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 22, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | December 30, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |