7-Methoxyflavone and 7-Hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone confer ameliorative effects to human erythrocytes exposed to oxidative damage

Abstract

Human erythrocytes are in constant motion within the blood, therefore, they contact inevitably with factors such as different toxic substances, drugs, reactive oxygen species. This situation may lead to a decline in the life span of erythrocytes by disrupting their metabolism. In the present study, the effect of 7-Methoxyflavone (MP) and 7-Hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone (HNF) on erythrocytes exposed to oxidative damage with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has been investigated. The possible mitigating effect on the oxidative damage of these flavonoid derives have been tried to be revealed with biomarkers such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese SOD (MnSOD) and cupper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation. H2O2 application caused serious decreases in TSOD and CAT enzyme activities as well as the band intensities of MnSOD and CuZnSOD isoenzymes in erythrocytes. In addition, this H2O2 increased critically the oxidative products of lipid peroxidation. MP and HNF treatment significantly reduced the level of lipid peroxidation by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities of erythrocytes in oxidative stress. As a result, it has been revealed that MP and HNF contributes to the attenuation of oxidative damage in human erythrocytes with its own antioxidant effect and/or by promoting antioxidant enzymes.

Keywords

• Human erythrocyte
• oxidative damage
• 7-Hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone
• 7-Methoxyflavone; antioxidants
• flavonoid

References

1. Yokoyama C, Sueyoshi Y, Ema M, Mori Y, Takaishi K, Hisatomi H. Induction of oxidative stress by anticancer drugs in the presence and absence of cells. Oncol Lett 2017;14(5):6066-6070.
2. Boukhenouna S, Wilson MA, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Reactive oxygen species in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxid Med Cel Longev 2018, 2018.
3. Murphy MP, Holmgren A, Larsson N-G, Halliwell B, Chang CJ, Kalyanaraman B, et al. Unraveling the biological roles of reactive oxygen species. Cell Metab 2011;13(4):361-366.
4. Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM. The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;44:239-267.
5. Marengo B, Nitti M, Furfaro AL, Colla R, Ciucis CD, Marinari UM, et al. Redox homeostasis and cellular antioxidant systems: crucial players in cancer growth and therapy. Oxid Med Cel Longev 2016;1-16.
6. Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med 1991;11(1):81-128.
7. Sánchez-Gallego JI, López-Revuelta A, Sardina JL, Hernández-Hernández Á, Sánchez-Yagüe J, Llanillo M. Membrane cholesterol contents modify the protective effects of quercetin and rutin on integrity and cellular viability in oxidized erythrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;48(10):1444-1454.
8. Mohanty J, Nagababu E, Rifkind JM. (2014). Red blood cell oxidative stress impairs oxygen delivery and induces red blood cell aging. Front Physiol 2014;5 84:1-6.

9. Ross D, Mendiratta S, Qu Z-c, Cobb CE, May JM. Ascorbate 6-palmitate protects human erythrocytes from oxidative damage. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26(1-2):81-89.
10. Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Busco F, Bompadre S, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, et al. Strawberry consumption improves plasma antioxidant status and erythrocyte resistance to oxidative haemolysis in humans. Food Chem 2011;128(1):180-186.
11. Rodríguez-García C, Sánchez-Quesada C, Gaforio JJ. Dietary flavonoids as cancer chemopreventive agents: An updated review of human studies. Antioxidants 2019;8(5):137.
12. Gopinath K, Prakash D, Sudhandiran G. Neuroprotective effect of naringin, a dietary flavonoid against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neuronal apoptosis. Neurochem Int 2011;59(7):1066-1073.
13. Luo Y, Shang P, Li D: Luteolin. A flavonoid that has multiple cardio-protective effects and its molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:692.
14. Testai L, Martelli A, Cristofaro M, Breschi MC, Calderone V. Cardioprotective effects of different flavonoids against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in L angendorff‐perfused rat hearts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013;65(5):750-756.
15. Kim SM, Kang K, Jho EH, Jung YJ, Nho CW, Um BH, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of flavonoid glycosides from Lespedeza cuneata against oxidative stress induced by tert‐butyl hyperoxide. Phytother Res 2011;25(7):1011-1017.
16. García-Lafuente A, Guillamón E, Villares A, Rostagno MA, Martínez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res 2009;58(9):537-552.
17. Mesaik MA, Murad S, Khan KM, Tareen RB, Ahmed A, Choudhary MI. Isolation and immunomodulatory properties of a flavonoid, casticin from Vitex agnus‐castus. Phytother Res 2009;23(11):1516-1520.
18. An F, Wang S, Yuan D, Gong Y, Wang S: Attenuation of oxidative stress of erythrocytes by plant-derived flavonoids, orientin and luteolin. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016;1:1-8.
19. Moore GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. Culture of normal human leukocytes. Jama 1967;199(8):519-524.
20. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1971;44(1):276-287.
21. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro in method of enzymology. Meth Enzymol 1984;121-126.
22. Laemelli D. Cleavege of structural ptoteins during in assembly of thehead of bacteriophage. Nature 1970;227-680.
23. Chang D, Zhang X, Rong S, Sha Q, Liu P, Han T, et al. Serum antioxidative enzymes levels and oxidative stress products in age-related cataract patients. Oxid Med Cel Longev 2013;1-7.
24. Libregts SF, Gutiérrez L, de Bruin AM, Wensveen FM, Papadopoulos P, van Ijcken W, et al. Chronic IFN-γ production in mice induces anemia by reducing erythrocyte life span and inhibiting erythropoiesis through an IRF-1/PU. 1 axis. Am J Hematol 2011;118(9):2578-2588.
25. Gonzales R, Auclair C, Voisin E, Gautero H, Dhermy D, Boivin, P. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells from patients with malignant diseases. Cancer Res. 1984;44:4137-4139.
26. Nabavi SM, Šamec D, Tomczyk M, Milella L, Russo D, Habtemariam S, et al. Flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in plants: Versatile targets for metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2020;38:107316.
27. Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ. Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue. Nat Protoc 2010;5(1):51-66.
28. Hong H, Liu G-Q. Protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by scutellarin. Life Sci 2004;74(24):2959-2973.
29. Ajila C, Rao UP. Protection against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes by Mangifera indica L. peel extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46(1):303-309.