Antioxidative Strategy in Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Antioxidants

Abstract

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the beneficial and neuroprotective role of some Low-Molecular-Weight antioxidants (LMWA) in the treatment of TBI in albino rats. Methods: TBI was induced in adult albino rats using the weight-drop method. A total of 70 Rats was used and were divided into 12 treatment groups, a traumatized non-treated group (TNT) and a Non-traumatized non-treated group (NTNT). There were 5 rats per group. Each of the treatment groups received 22.5 or 45 mg/kg of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA), Uric acid (UA), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), or Mannitol. Treatment was started 30 min after the trauma and continued for 21 days. To evaluate the functional outcomes, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was calculated. The antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed to evaluate oxidative stress (OS). Results: At 7 days post-TBI, the antioxidant-treated groups exhibited significant (p<0.05) improvements in neurological scores compared to the traumatized non-treated group (TNT). The treated groups showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the concentration of MDA compared with the TNT group. Conclusion: These promising results suggest that the use of low-molecular-weight antioxidants may be a useful neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of TBI. However, further studies should investigate the molecular mechanisms of these antioxidants on TBI pathophysiology and functional outcome.

Keywords

• Traumatic brain injury
• Oxidative Stress
• Neurological score
• Low-Molecular-Weight Antioxidants
• Malondialdehyde

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