Abstract
Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical malignancies, represent a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by distinct clinical behaviors and complex molecular properties. Advances in molecular oncology have substantially reshaped the understanding of gynecological carcinogenesis, revealing that dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes, DNA damage repair pathways, oncogenic signaling cascades, and virus-driven mechanisms critically influence disease initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. In ovarian cancer, alterations in homologous recombination repair, TP53 mutations, and aberrant activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways have enabled molecular stratification and the successful implementation of targeted therapies. Endometrial cancer exemplifies the transition toward molecular classification, with POLE exonuclease domain mutations, mismatch repair deficiency, and copy number alterations defining biologically and clinically distinct subgroups with divergent prognostic outcomes. Cervical cancer represents a unique virus associated malignancy in which persistent high risk human papillomavirus infection drives oncogenesis through disruption of cell cycle regulatory pathways, providing a robust biological basis for molecular diagnostics and prevention strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge of key molecular biomarkers and signaling pathways involved in gynecological cancers, including CA-125, mismatch repair deficiency, TP53, HER2, BRCA-associated DNA repair mechanisms, POLE mutations, WNT/β-catenin signaling, and HPV-related molecular alterations. Furthermore, the clinical implications of these molecular insights for diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and personalized therapeutic approaches are discussed. In conclusion, integration of molecular profiling into clinical practice represents a critical step toward precision medicine in gynecological oncology, offering the potential to improve patient outcomes through biomarker-driven diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies.
Keywords
Gynecological cancers Ovarian cancer Endometrial cancer Cervical cancer Targeted therapy Molecular biomarkers
References
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Abstract
Yumurtalık, endometriyum ve servikal maligniteler de dahil olmak üzere jinekolojik kanserler, farklı klinik davranışlar ve karmaşık moleküler özelliklerle karakterize edilen heterojen bir tümör grubudur. Moleküler onkolojideki gelişmeler, jinekolojik karsinogenezin anlaşılmasını önemli ölçüde yeniden şekillendirmiş ve tümör baskılayıcı genlerin düzensizliğinin, DNA hasar onarım yollarının, onkojenik sinyal kaskadlarının ve virüs kaynaklı mekanizmaların hastalık başlangıcını, ilerlemesini ve tedaviye yanıtı kritik olarak etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Yumurtalık kanserinde, homolog rekombinasyon onarımındaki değişiklikler, TP53 mutasyonları, MAPK ve PI3K/AKT sinyal yollarının anormal aktivasyonu, moleküler sınıflandırmayı ve hedefe yönelik tedavilerin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmasını sağlamıştır. Endometriyum kanseri, POLE eksonükleaz mutasyonları, yanlış eşleşme tamir mekanizma eksikliği ve kopya sayısı değişiklikleri ile biyolojik ve klinik olarak farklı alt grupları tanımlayan ve farklı prognostik sonuçlara sahip moleküler sınıflandırmayı temsil etmektedir. Servikal kanser, kalıcı yüksek riskli insan papillomavirüsü enfeksiyonunun hücre döngüsü düzenleyici yollarının bozulmasıyla onkogenezi tetiklediği, virüsle ilişkili maligniteyi temsil eder ve moleküler tanı, önleme stratejileri için biyolojik temeli oluşturur. Bu derleme, CA-125, yanlış eşleşme tamir mekanizması, TP53, HER2, BRCA ile ilişkili DNA onarım mekanizmaları, POLE mutasyonları, WNT/β-katenin sinyallemesi ve HPV ile ilgili moleküler değişiklikler de dahil olmak üzere jinekolojik kanserlerde yer alan temel moleküler biyobelirteçler ve sinyal yolları hakkındaki mevcut bilgileri kapsamlı bir şekilde özetlemektedir. Ayrıca, bu moleküler bilgilerin tanı, prognoz, risk sınıflandırması ve kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımları için klinik etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, moleküler profillemenin klinik uygulamaya entegrasyonu, jinekolojik onkolojide hassas tıbba doğru kritik bir adımı temsil etmekte ve biyobelirteç odaklı tanı ve hedefli tedavi stratejileri yoluyla hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirme potansiyeli sunmaktadır.
Keywords
Jinekolojik kanserler Yumurtalık kanseri Endometrium kanseri Rahim ağzı kanseri Hedefli tedavi Moleküler biyobelirteçler
References
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Molecular Targets |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | January 21, 2026 |
| Acceptance Date | March 9, 2026 |
| Early Pub Date | March 27, 2026 |
| Publication Date | March 27, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.1868915 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA64SJ72BF |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 |
Aim & Scope
Deneysel ve Uygulamalı Tıp Bilimleri, tıp bilimlerinin her alanından özgün ve yaşam kalitesini artıracak çarpıcı araştırma sonuçlarının yer aldığı güncel ve kolay erişilebilir bir akademik yayın olmayı hedeflemektedir.
Experimental and Applied Medical Science, Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi bünyesinde yılda dört kez İngilizce olarak yayımlanan, açık erişimli, uluslararası çift-kör hakemli akademik bir tıp dergisidir. Dergi, hastalıkların patogenezi ile ilgili deneysel hayvan çalışmaları, farmakolojik, klinik, epidemiyolojik ve deontolojik çalışmalar, ayrıca halk sağlığını geliştirme, sağlık hizmetleri veya sağlık sigortası alanlarındaki çalışmaları içeren, yurt içinden veya yurt dışından sunulmuş araştırma makalesi, derleme, editöre mektup, kısa bildirim, özet bildirim vb. şeklinde yayınlanmak üzere yazıları kabul etmektedir.
Değerlendirme veya yayın sırasında yazarlardan herhangi bir ücret talep edilmez. Dergi 3 ayda bir (Mart, Temmuz, Eylül ve Aralık) olmak üzere yılda 4 sayı yayınlanmaktadır. Derginin yazım dili İngilizcedir. Makalenin sadece özet kısmı Türkçe olarak da gönderilmelidir.
Author Guidelines
Deneysel ve Uygulamalı Tıp Bilimleri dergisi; özgün araştırma makaleleri, derlemeler, olgu sunumları ve editöre mektuplar kabul etmektedir. Bir makalenin gönderilmesi, daha önce yayımlanmadığını ve başka bir yerde yayımlanmak üzere değerlendirilmediğini ima eder. Gönderilen makalelerin yayımlanıp yayımlanmayacağına dair karar, makalenin önemine ve özgünlüğüne ilişkin Editör Kurulu'nun görüşüne dayanır.
Dergiye gönderilen makalelerin tüm yazarları (sorumlu yazar ve diğer yazarlar), bireysel bir ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) numarası almalı (http://orcid.org) ve bu numarayı makalenin başlık sayfasında belirtmelidir. Sorumlu yazar, tüm yazarları DergiPark sistemine eklemelidir.
Makaleler
Makaleler, elektronik olarak "Microsoft Word" formatında, "Times New Roman" yazı tipi, 12 punto ve çift aralıklı olarak yazılmalıdır. Makaleler İngilizce yazılmalı; özetler ise hem Türkçe hem de İngilizce hazırlanmalıdır. Sayfanın her iki yanında 2.5 cm boşluk bırakılmalı ve metin iki yana yaslı olmalıdır. Kelimeler satır sonlarında kesilmemelidir. Sayfalar ardışık olarak numaralandırılmalıdır.
Makale, "Başlık sayfası", "Türkçe Özet", "İngilizce Özet", "Metin", "Kaynaklar", "Tablolar" ve "Şekiller" gibi bölümleri içermeli ve her bölüm ayrı bir sayfadan başlamalıdır.
Özgün araştırma makaleleri için gerekli etik kurul izinleri alınmalı ve etik kurul numarası ile tarihi makalede belirtilmelidir. Çalışmanın intihal raporu yüklenmeli ve intihal oranı %30'u geçmemelidir.
Makalenizi sisteme yüklerken dosya adını sorumlu yazarın adı ve soyadı olarak belirleyiniz.
Başlık Sayfası
Başlık sayfasında Türkçe ve İngilizce başlıklar ayrı ayrı verilmelidir. Başlıkta kısaltmalar kullanılmamalıdır.
• Tüm yazarlar için ORCID numaraları, özet ve metnin kelime sayıları (özet, tablolar ve kaynaklar hariç) belirtilmelidir.
• Yazarların tam isimleri, soyadları, akademik unvanları, görev yaptıkları kurum, çalışmanın yapıldığı klinik/bölüm/enstitü/hastane/üniversitenin tam adı ve adresi ile e-posta adresleri belirtilmelidir.
• Sorumlu yazarın iletişim bilgileri (güncel adres, e-posta adresi ve GSM telefon numarası) eklenmelidir.
• Çalışma daha önce bir bilimsel toplantıda sunulmuşsa ya da özeti yayımlanmışsa bu durum belirtilmelidir.
• Tüm yazarların olası çıkar çatışmaları ve finansal destek bilgileri, konu ile doğrudan ilişkili olup olmadığına bakılmaksızın, bireysel olarak açıklanmalıdır.
Özet
Türkçe ve İngilizce özetler ayrı hazırlanmalı ve her biri 250 kelimeyi geçmemelidir. Türkçe özet şu başlıkları içermelidir: Amaç, Yöntem, Bulgular, Sonuç, Anahtar Kelimeler. İngilizce özet ise şu başlıklardan oluşmalıdır: Purpose, Methods, Results, Conclusion, Keywords.
Metin
Metin; "Giriş", "Yöntem", "Bulgular", "Tartışma" ve "Sonuç" bölümlerinden oluşmalıdır. Metin sonunda "Çıkar Çatışması" ve "Teşekkür" bölümleri eklenmelidir.
• Fazla kısaltma kullanılmamalıdır.
• Tablolar, grafikler ve şekiller metin sonunda ayrı birer sayfada yer almalıdır.
Kaynaklar, Vancouver formatında düzenlenmeli ve metinde geçtiği sıraya göre numaralandırılmalıdır.
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Makaleler yalnızca orijinal olmaları, başka bir dergide eşzamanlı olarak değerlendirilmemeleri veya daha önce yayımlanmamış olmaları koşuluyla yayımlanmak üzere değerlendirilir. Telif hakkı ile korunan herhangi bir materyalden alınan doğrudan alıntılar, tablolar veya görseller için telif hakkı sahiplerinden yazılı izin alınmalıdır. Tüm makaleler editörler ve hakemler tarafından incelenir. Yayınlanmaya uygunluk, sunulan materyalin önemine ve özgünlüğüne dayanır. Yayınlanması uygun görülen makaleler, sunulan veriler değiştirilmeden, açık ve anlaşılır bir şekilde sunulması için editöryal revizyona tabi tutulabilir.
Experimental and Applied Medical Science, aşağıdaki web adresinde yer alan “Helsinki Bildirgesi” ilkelerine sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır:
Helsinki Bildirgesi
Editör Kurulu, insanlarla yapılan tüm çalışmaların bu ilkelere uygun olması gerektiğini beyan eder.
İnsan katılımcılarla yapılan çalışmaların verilerini içeren makalelerde, Yöntem ve Materyal bölümünde çalışmanın kurum etik inceleme kurulu tarafından onaylandığını ve her katılımcıdan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” alındığını belirten açıklamalar yer almalıdır. Ayrıca, laboratuvar hayvanlarıyla yapılan deneyleri bildiren makalelerde, hayvanların “Laboratuvar Hayvanlarının Bakımı ve Kullanımı Kılavuzu” ile uyumlu bir şekilde insan bakımına tabi tutulduğunu ve kurum etik kurul onayının alındığını doğrulayan açıklamalar Yöntem ve Materyal bölümünde yer almalıdır.
Laboratuvar Hayvanları Kılavuzu
Eğer çalışmayı destekleyen ticari bir ilişki veya mali destek sağlayan bir kurum varsa, yazarlar bu ürün, ilaç veya şirket ile ticari bir ilişkileri olmadığını veya varsa ne tür bir ilişkiye (danışmanlık ya da başka bir anlaşma) sahip olduklarını beyan etmelidir.
Dergi için işlem ve yayın ücretsizdir. Değerlendirme ve yayın sürecinin hiçbir aşamasında yazarlardan ücret talep edilmez. Tüm makaleler, yalnızca çevrimiçi başvuru sistemi aracılığıyla gönderilmelidir:
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eams
Derginin yönergeleri, teknik bilgileri ve gerekli formlar da derginin web sayfasında mevcuttur.
Derginin tüm masrafları Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Potansiyel reklam verenler derginin Editör Ofisi ile iletişime geçmelidir. Reklam görselleri yalnızca Baş Editör'ün onayı ile yayımlanır.
Makalelerde ifade edilen görüş ve öneriler, Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, editörler, editör kurulu ve/veya yayıncıların görüşlerini yansıtmaz; bu içeriklerin sorumluluğu tamamen yazar(lar)a aittir.
Araştırma çalışmalarını içeren tüm makaleler, biyostatistik açısından değerlendirilmelidir ve uygun çalışma tasarımı, analiz ve sonuçlarla birlikte sunulmalıdır. Makalelerde p değerleri net bir şekilde belirtilmelidir. Araştırma makaleleri dışındaki (derleme, olgu sunumu, editöre mektup vb.) yazılar da özgün, güncel ve kaynaklarıyla birlikte açık, anlaşılır ve tatmin edici olmalıdır.
Derginin yayın dili İngilizce’dir. Ancak makalenin özet kısmı hem Türkçe hem de İngilizce olarak yüklenmelidir. Makaleler dergiye gönderilmeden önce bir dil uzmanı tarafından değerlendirilmelidir.
Telif Hakkı ve Yayımlama Hakları:
5846 sayılı ve 13.12.1951 tarihli Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’na göre (aşağıdaki bağlantıda yer alan) yayımlanması kabul edilen makalelerin tüm yayım hakları dergiyi yayımlayan kuruma aittir. Ancak makalelerde ifade edilen düşünceler ve öneriler tamamen yazarların sorumluluğundadır.
Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu
Price Policy
Experimental and Applied Medical Science dergisinde makale değerlendirme ve yayın süreci tamamen ücretsizdir.
Indexes
Other Indexes
Journal Boards
Editör
Editör Yardımcıları
2008 yılında Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp (İng). Fakültesi'nden mezun oldu. 2018 yılında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı'nda Tıbbi Fizyoloji alanında doktoramı tamamladı. 2019 yılından bu yana Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı'nda öğretim üyesi olarak görev yapmaktadır. Başlıca çalışma alanları, Alzheimer Hastalığı, egzersiz ve elektrokardiyografidir.
Yayın Kurulu
Alan Editörleri
Daniele Saverino is an Associate Professor of Human Anatomy at the University of Genoa. He holds the following university degrees: Degree in Medicine, Degree in Biological Sciences, Specialization in Allergology and Clinical Immunology, and Master's in Microbiological Sciences.
He is currently a member of the Board of the Department of Experimental Medicine, a member of the Scientific Council University Service Center, University Service Center of Simulation and Advanced Training – SIMAV of the University of Genoa (Italy); he is also a medical director at the IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic in Genoa.
He is the holder of the Human Anatomy courses for the degree courses in Medicine and Surgery, Physiotherapy, Motor Sciences at the University of Genoa and the Neuroanatomy Course, Degree in Medicine at the Vita e Salute University of Milan (Italy) He was a Research fellow, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
His research interests and activity are mostly closely connected to diagnostic activity: study and experimentation of new analytical technologies, diagnostic experimentation of new autoantibody markers in various areas of pathology, development, experimentation and validation of specific diagnostic algorithms, participation, for the diagnostic part of competence, in clinical trials and studies.
He is also involved in pathophysiological studies concerning alterations of immunoregulatory and effector mechanisms in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, with particular reference to the role and regulation of "immune checkpoint" molecules.
Dr. Roghaiyeh Safari, 15 yılı aşkın deneyimiyle moleküler tıp alanında uzmanlaşmış bir bilim insanıdır. Imperial College London, Sahlgrenska Kanser Merkezi (İsveç), Liège Üniversitesi (Belçika) ve İzmir Biyotıp ve Genom Merkezi (IBG) gibi prestijli kurumlarda yürüttüğü araştırmalarla moleküler biyoloji ve genetik alanında geniş bir uzmanlık edinmiştir.
RS & RS Scientific’in Kurucu Ortağı ve Bilimsel Direktörü (CSO) olarak, iş birliğine dayalı bir araştırma ortamı oluşturmakta ve bilimsel keşifleri kanser tedavisine yönelik pratik çözümlere dönüştürme konusunda endüstri deneyimini kullanmaktadır.
Moleküler araştırmalar konusundaki uzmanlığının yanı sıra, liderlik koçluğu yapmaktadır ve klinik geçmişi sayesinde hasta odaklı bir yaklaşım benimsemektedir.
Avrupa Board sertifikalı göz hastalıkları uzmanı ve Gaziantep İslam Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi’nde öğretim üyesidir. Oküloplastik cerrahi ve ön segment alanında uzmanlaşmış olup 2.000’den fazla katarakt, 600’den fazla oküloplastik ve 200’den fazla şaşılık ameliyatı deneyimine sahiptir. Ulusal ve uluslararası dergilerde çok sayıda yayını, kitap bölümleri ve kongre sunumları bulunan Yılmaz, akademik hareketlilik programları ve bilimsel işbirlikleriyle mesleki gelişimini sürdürmekte ve göz hastalıkları eğitimine katkı sağlamaktadır.
