Anatomi Eğitiminde Primer Eğitim Materyali Olan Kadavrada Tahnit Modelleri

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 73 - 85, 28.03.2025

Nuri Fidan , Aymelek Çetin

https://doi.org/10.59312/ebshealth.1638921

Abstract

Amaç: Kadavranın normal doku ve yapısını korumak amacıyla, uygun teknik ve yöntemle fiksatifler verilerek fikse edilmesi işlemine tahnit denilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Anatomi eğitiminde tartışmasız bir yeri olan, primer eğitim materyali kadavrada farklı tahnit modellerini güncel olarak vurgulamaktır.
Yöntem: Formaldehit iyi bir fiksatiftir, yıllar boyunca ve günümüzde de yalnız veya değişik formülasyonlar içerisinde kullanılmaktır. Kadavra tahnitinde; Laskowski Cenevre tespit solüsyonu formülasyonu, Spence’in kadavra tespit sıvısı bileşimi, Norville’nin kadavra tespit sıvısı bileşimi, Erskine’in kadavra tespit sıvısı bileşimi, Kinnamon’un kadavra tespit sıvısı bileşimi ve saklama solüsyonu bileşimi, Larssen solüsyonu’nun orjinal kompozisyonu dahil olmak üzere birçok farklı teknikler/modeller yanında Modifiye edilmiş Larssen solüsyonu bileşimi, Doymuş Tuzlu su, Alkid reçine, Thiel solüsyonu, Logan solüsyonu, Modifiye Logan solüsyonu, Genelyn solüsyonu, Etanol-Gliserin Metodu gibi birçok farklı teknikler de kullanılmaktadır. Kadavra tahnit işleminde solüsyonlar genellikle a. femoralis ve a. carotis communis’ ten enjekte edilebilmekle birlikte başka arterlerden de yapılabilir. Tespiti yapılmış kadavra formol veya asit fenik (fenol) havuzlarında muhafaza edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca kadavradan standart plastinasyon yöntemiyle de plastinatlar elde edilebilmektedir.
Bulgular: Kadavra tahnit tekniğinde/modelinde Formaldehit, Fenol, Timol, Gliserin ve Etanol gibi farklı kimyasalların değişik formülasyonları kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu formülasyonların yanı sıra günümüzde yaygın olarak Thiel, Larssen, Modifiye Larssen, Logan, Etanol-gliserin, Genelyn solüsyonu, Doymuş tuzlu su ile Alkid reçine metodu kadavra tespitinde kullanılmaktadır. Plastinasyon yönteminde plastine olan örneklerin şekillerini koruduğu ve bu yöntemde Ksilol de kullanılmışsa plastine örneklerin hafif ve esnek bir yapı kazandığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Kadavra tahnit tekniğinde/modelinde azalan oranlarda da olsa başta formaldehit olmak üzere birçok farklı kimyasalların yalnız ya da değişik kombinasyonları kullanılmaya devam etmektedir.

Keywords

Anatomi, Kadavra, Tahnit, Tespit

Cadaver Embalming Models as Primary Education Material in Anatomy Education

Abstract

Objective: The process of fixing the cadaver by giving fixatives with appropriate technique and method in order to preserve its normal tissue and structure is called embalming. This study aims to emphasize the different embalming models in cadavers, which have an indisputable place in anatomy education and are primary educational materials.
Methods: Formaldehyde is a good fixative, and has been used alone or in different formulations for years and today. In cadaver embalming; many different techniques/models including Laskowski Geneva fixation solution formulation, Spence's cadaver fixation fluid composition, Norville's cadaver fixation fluid composition, Erskine's cadaver fixation fluid composition, Kinnamon's cadaver fixation fluid composition and storage solution composition, original composition of Larssen solution, as well as many different techniques such as Modified Larssen solution composition, Saline, Alkyd Resin, Thiel solution, Logan solution, Modified Logan solution, Ethanol-Glycerin Method are also used. In cadaver embalming, solutions are generally injected from the femoral artery and common carotid artery, but can also be administered from other arteries. Fixed cadavers can be preserved in formalin or acid carotene (phenol) pools. Additionally, plastinates can be obtained from cadavers using the standard plastination method.
Results: Various formulations of different chemicals such as formaldehyde, phenol, thymol, glycerin and ethanol continue to be used in the cadaver embalming technique/model. In addition to these formulations, thiel, larssen, modified larssen, logan, ethanol-glycerin, saline or liquid soap solutions and alkyd resin method are widely used in cadaver detection. It has been observed that the plastinated samples in the plastination method retain their shape and if xylol is also used in this method, the plastinated samples gain a light and flexible structure.
Conclusion: It is considered that new studies are needed for cadaver embalming modeling as the primary educational material in anatomy education.

Keywords

Anatomy, Cadaver, Embalming, Fixation

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