ULUSLARARASI CEZA MAHKEMESİ KARŞISINDA ABD’NİN DURUMU VE “MADDE 98 ANDLAŞMALARI”

Year 2017, Volume: XXI Issue: 3-4, 1 - 45, 01.12.2017

Ayhan Döner Nesrin Dabanlıoğlu Alanur

Abstract

Uluslararası toplumu bir bütün olarak etkileyen savaş suçları, insanlığa karşı suçlar, soykırım ve saldırı suçu gibi suçların sorumlularının bireysel olarak hesap vermesi için harcanan büyük çabanın sonucu olan daimi bir mahkeme olarak Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin (UCM), belli şartlarda Mahkemenin kurucu andlaşması olan Roma Statüsü’ne taraf olmayan devletlerin vatandaşları üzerinde yargı yetkisini kullanabilmesi mümkündür. ABD, UCM kurulduğundan bu yana Mahkeme’nin Statü’ye taraf olmayan devletlerin vatandaşları üzerinde yargı yetkisine sahip olmasına itiraz etmiştir. Bu çalışma ABD’nin UCM’ye karşı olan tutumu doğrultusunda, ABD’nin kendi vatandaşlarını Mahkemenin yargı yetkisi dışında tutmak için aldığı tedbirlerin ve Statüye taraf devletlerin madde 98 andlaşmaları akdetmelerinin meşruluğunu sorgulayacaktır. Bu doğrultuda özellikle ABD’nin “madde 98 andlaşmalarının” ve uluslararası bağışıklıkların Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin şüphelilerin teslimini sağlayabilmesine ve onları yargılayabilmesine ne derece etki ettiği incelenecektir.

Keywords

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, ikili bağışıklık andlaşmaları, madde 98 andlaşmaları

THE POSITION OF USA AGAINST THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND “THE ARTICLE 98 TREATIES"

Abstract

The reason behind the establishment of International Criminal Court (ICC) as a permanent international criminal court is to ensure the accountability of the perpetrators of most serious crimes that affect the international community as a whole - like the crime of genocide, Crimes against humanity, war crimes, the crime of aggression-. The Rome Statute, which is institutive instrument of ICC, makes it possible under certain conditions that jurisdiction by ICC can be exercised over the nationals of states that are not party to the Rome Statute. The United States has argued against the Court’s jurisdiction over the nationals of states that are not party to the Statute since the establishment of the ICC. This article questions the legitimacy of the measures taken by the United States to shield its nationals from the Court's jurisdiction and the conclusion of article 98 agreements of the states that are party to the Statute. In this respect, the article in particular will examine how the “Article 98 agreements” of the United States and international immunities have affected the International Criminal Court's ability to prosecute and secure custody of suspects.

Keywords

International Criminal Court (ICC), United States of America, bilateral immunity agreements, Article 98 agreements, international immunities

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