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Uluslararası Hava Hukuku Çerçevesinde Sivil Hava Kazalarının Onarımı: İran’da 2020 Ukrayna Uçağı Kazası Üzerine Bir Vaka Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 71 - 94, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.60002/ebyuhfd.1464279

Abstract

Ulusal ve uluslararası hukuk normlarını kapsayan Uluslararası Hava Hukuku, hava sahasında devlet egemenliğinin tanımlanmasında ve yolcu uçaklarının güvenliğinin sağlanmasında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu makale, modern havacılığın hukuki manzarasını şekillendiren Chicago ve Montreal Konvansiyonları gibi önemli anlaşmaları ve sözleşmeleri vurgulayarak hava sahası hukukunun gelişimini vurguladı. Ukrayna Uluslararası Havayolları PS752 sefer sayılı uçağının 8 Ocak 2020'de İran'da düşürülmesine odaklanarak, Havacılık Kanununun güncel zorlukların çözümündeki rolünü kapsamlı bir şekilde inceledi. Savaş dışı bir güç eylemi olan bu olay, karmaşık bir hukuki zorluk teşkil etti ve son dönemde hukuki tartışmalara yol açtı. Uluslararası ve yerel mahkeme kararlarından ve ilgili kuruluşların direktiflerinden alınan içtihatları inceleyerek modern bir yasal çerçeveye katkıda bulundu. Temel tartışmalar, havacılık olaylarında insan hatasının, özellikle de cezai sorumluluk ve mali tazminat açısından etkilerini içeriyordu. Makale, küresel sivil havacılığı korumak için sürekli yasal uyarlamayı savunarak, bu tür durumları uluslararası hava hukuku çerçevesinde değerlendirmeye çalıştı. Bu çalışma özellikle insan hatasından kaynaklanan hava kazalarına yönelik olası çözümleri önermektedir.

References

  • Aerial Incident Case (US v Bulgaria) [1959] ICJ Rep 28, p. 9.
  • Agustini, Elfita/Kareng, Yaya/Victoria, Ong Argo, “The Role of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) in Implementing International Flight Safety Standards”, KnE Social Sciences, 5 (1), 2021, 2024, pp. 100–114.
  • Ashouri, Mahan, “The Role of Transnational Private Actors in Ukraine International Flight 752 Crash in Iran under Economic Sanctions Pres-sure”, Journal of National Security Law & Policy, 11, 2020, pp. 655-688.
  • Boven, Theo Van, “Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. In Victims’ Rights To A Remedy And Reparation: The New United Na-tions Principles And Guidelines”, 2009, Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 17-40.
  • Burton, Hafner/Emilie, M/Tsutsui, Kiyoteru, “Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law to Matter Where Needed Most”, Journal of Peace Research, 44 (4), 2007, pp. 407-425.
  • Candelmo, Claudia, State Responsibility and Terrorism: New Perspec-tives in International Law, 1st Edition, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Chava, Shachor-Landau, “The Judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Aerial Incident Case between Israel and Bulgaria”, Archiv des Völkerrechts, 8, (3) 1960, p. 277-90.
  • Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation, 1944, “Convention on Interna-tional Civil Aviation”, Chicago, adopted 7 December 1944, entered into force 4 April 1947. 15 UNTS 295, p. 41.
  • Dadhich, Nityesh, “Attack on a Civilian Aircraft by a State: Imposing Obligations for Wrongful Actions”, Amherst College Law Review, 5, (6), 2023, p. 125.
  • E. Haley, Andrew, “Space Law-Basic Concepts”, 1st Edition, Tennessee Law Review, 1955.
  • Eslami, Mohammad, “Iran’s Ballistic Missile Program and Its Foreign and Security Policy Towards the United States under the Trump Admin-istration”, Revista española de ciencia política, (55), 2021, p. 37-62.
  • Fox, Lyttleton, “The Law of Aerial Navigation”, The North American Review, 190(644), 1909, pp. 101-106.
  • Galbraith, Jean, “U.S. Drone Strike in Iraq Kills Iranian Military Leader Qasem Soleimani”, The American Journal of International Law, 114, (2), 2020, p. 313-23.

Reparation of Civil Aerial Accidents Under International Air Law: A Case Study of the 2020 Ukrainian Plane Incident in Iran

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 71 - 94, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.60002/ebyuhfd.1464279

Abstract

International Air Law, encompassing both national and international legal norms, plays a critical role in defining state sovereignty in airspace and ensuring the safety of passenger aircraft. This paper highlighted the evolution of airspace law, emphasizing key treaties and conventions such as the Chicago and Montreal Conventions, which have shaped the legal landscape of modern aviation. It thoroughly examined the role of Aviation Law in addressing contemporary challenges, with a focus on the downing of Ukraine International Airlines Flight PS752 in Iran on January 8, 2020. This incident, a non-warfare act of force, presented a complex legal challenge and led to recent legal controversies. It examined precedents from international and domestic court decisions and directives of relevant organizations, contributing to a modern legal framework. Key discussions included the implications of human error in aviation incidents, particularly in terms of criminal liability and financial compensation. The paper made efforts to evaluate such situations within the framework of international air law, advocating for continuous legal adaptation to safeguard global civil aviation. This study particularly suggests the possible resolutions for aerial accidents, specifically those caused by human error.

References

  • Aerial Incident Case (US v Bulgaria) [1959] ICJ Rep 28, p. 9.
  • Agustini, Elfita/Kareng, Yaya/Victoria, Ong Argo, “The Role of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) in Implementing International Flight Safety Standards”, KnE Social Sciences, 5 (1), 2021, 2024, pp. 100–114.
  • Ashouri, Mahan, “The Role of Transnational Private Actors in Ukraine International Flight 752 Crash in Iran under Economic Sanctions Pres-sure”, Journal of National Security Law & Policy, 11, 2020, pp. 655-688.
  • Boven, Theo Van, “Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: Systems in Place and Systems in the Making. In Victims’ Rights To A Remedy And Reparation: The New United Na-tions Principles And Guidelines”, 2009, Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 17-40.
  • Burton, Hafner/Emilie, M/Tsutsui, Kiyoteru, “Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law to Matter Where Needed Most”, Journal of Peace Research, 44 (4), 2007, pp. 407-425.
  • Candelmo, Claudia, State Responsibility and Terrorism: New Perspec-tives in International Law, 1st Edition, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Chava, Shachor-Landau, “The Judgment of the International Court of Justice in the Aerial Incident Case between Israel and Bulgaria”, Archiv des Völkerrechts, 8, (3) 1960, p. 277-90.
  • Chicago Convention on Civil Aviation, 1944, “Convention on Interna-tional Civil Aviation”, Chicago, adopted 7 December 1944, entered into force 4 April 1947. 15 UNTS 295, p. 41.
  • Dadhich, Nityesh, “Attack on a Civilian Aircraft by a State: Imposing Obligations for Wrongful Actions”, Amherst College Law Review, 5, (6), 2023, p. 125.
  • E. Haley, Andrew, “Space Law-Basic Concepts”, 1st Edition, Tennessee Law Review, 1955.
  • Eslami, Mohammad, “Iran’s Ballistic Missile Program and Its Foreign and Security Policy Towards the United States under the Trump Admin-istration”, Revista española de ciencia política, (55), 2021, p. 37-62.
  • Fox, Lyttleton, “The Law of Aerial Navigation”, The North American Review, 190(644), 1909, pp. 101-106.
  • Galbraith, Jean, “U.S. Drone Strike in Iraq Kills Iranian Military Leader Qasem Soleimani”, The American Journal of International Law, 114, (2), 2020, p. 313-23.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Asm Mahmudul Hasan 0000-0001-8833-5101

Md Syful Islam 0000-0002-3092-0858

Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date April 3, 2024
Acceptance Date May 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Hasan, Asm Mahmudul and Md Syful Islam. “Reparation of Civil Aerial Accidents Under International Air Law: A Case Study of the 2020 Ukrainian Plane Incident in Iran”. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 1, 2024, pp. 71-94, doi:10.60002/ebyuhfd.1464279.