Gender Wage Inequality Along the Wage Curve: In Quest For Discrimination in Turkiye

Abstract

This study aims to investigate male and female wage differentials in Turkiye, using the Household Budget Surveys of 2003 and 2011. First, descriptive statistics are introduced to capture the gender-based outlook of employment. Then, Mincerian wage equations are estimated by quantile regression to explore the returns to labor characteristics and per-year returns to educational categories are obtained to observe the role of wage premia in determining the gender wage gap. Finally, a counterfactual analysis by Juhn, Murphy, and Pierce (1993) is conducted to decompose sources of gender wage inequality into endowment, remuneration, and unobservable effects. The pattern of wage inequality and returns to education differ along the wage distribution. The gender wage gap tends to fall during the period and across the wage curve as we move towards the upper tail. Price discrimination preserves its position irrespective of income level but decreases over the course of time.

Keywords

• Decomposition of Inequality
• Discrimination
• Quantile Regression
• Returns to Education
• Wage Inequality

Ücret Eğrisi Boyunca Cinsiyete Dayalı Ücret Eşitsizliği: Türkiye’nin Durumu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2003 ve 2011 Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketlerini kullanarak Türkiye'de kadın ve erkek ücret farklılıklarını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk olarak, istihdamın cinsiyete dayalı görüntüsünü yakalamak için betimleyici istatistikler sunulmaktadır. Daha sonra, emek özelliklerinin getirilerini araştırmak için Mincerian ücret denklemleri kantil regresyonla tahmin ediliyor ve cinsiyetler arası ücret farkının belirlenmesinde ücret priminin rolünü gözlemlemek için eğitim kategorilerinin yıllık getirileri elde ediliyor. Son olarak, cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizliğinin kaynaklarını donanım, ücretlendirme ve gözlemlenemeyen etkiler olarak ayrıştırmak için Juhn, Murphy ve Pierce (1993) karşı-olgusal analizi yapılmıştır. Ücret eşitsizliğinin örüntüsü ve eğitimin getirileri, ücret dağılımı boyunca farklılık göstermektedir. Cinsiyetler arası ücret farkı dönem boyunca ve ücret eğrisi boyunca üst kuyruğa doğru ilerledikçe düşme eğilimindedir. Fiyat ayrımcılığı gelir düzeyinden bağımsız olarak konumunu korumakta ancak zamanla azalmaktadır.

Keywords

• Eşitsizliğin Ayrıştırılması
• Ayrımcılık
• Kantil Regresyon
• Eğitimin Getirisi
• Ücret Eşitsizliği

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