Covid-19 Salgınının Tüketicilerin Talep Yapısı Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Covid-19 salgını, sosyal ve ekonomik alanlarda pek çok farklı etkinin ortaya çıktığı bir süreç olmuştur. Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle oluşan arz şoku, talep şokuna yol açarak ekonomilerdeki yapısal sorunların derinleşmesine neden olmuştur. Devletler bu noktada ekonomiyi güçlü tutmak üzere çeşitli teşvik paketlerini uygulamaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, salgını kontrol etmek amacıyla kısıtlamaların yoğun olduğu dönemde, Covid-19 salgınının hanehalkının tüketim harcamalarına dolayısıyla talep yapısındaki değişmelere etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, piyasadaki değişimler gözlemlenerek hazırlanan anketten elde edilen bulgulara göre; Covid-19 salgını tüketim, alışveriş tercihleri ve ödeme yöntemleri konularında etkili olarak, tüketicilerin talep düzeyinde değişikliklere sebep olmuştur. Salgın sürecinde, tüketicilerin virüse yakalanmayacak şekilde alışveriş ve ödeme faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmeyi hedefledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Covid-19 Salgını
• Talep
• Tüketici
• Tüketim
• Sosyo-Ekonomik Etki

The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumers’ Demand Structure

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has been a process in which many different effects have emerged in social and economic areas. The supply shock caused by the Covid-19 pandemic lead to a demand shock and caused the structural problems in economies to deepen. At this point, states have implemented various incentive packages to keep the economy strong. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of Covid-19 to the changes in the consumption expenditures and so the demand structure of the household in the period when restrictions were intense to control the pandemic. For this purpose, according to the findings obtained from the survey prepared by observing the changes in the market; the Covid-19 pandemic caused changes in the demand level of consumers by affecting consumption, shopping preferences and payment methods. It was concluded that the consumers aimed to carry out shopping and payment activities in a way that they would not get infected during the pandemic. 

Keywords

• Covid-19 Pandemic
• Demand
• Socio-Economic Impact
• Consumer
• Consumption

References

1. Anadolu Ajansı (2020), Ekonomi Haberleri, Erişim Adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/salgina-karsi-dunya-hangi-onlemleri-aldi-turkiye-neler-yapti/1811298, Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2020.
2. Andersen, Asger Lau, Emil Toft Hansen, Niels Johannesen and Adam Sheridan (2020), Pandemic, Shutdown and Consumer Spending: Lessons from Scandinavian Policy Responses to COVID-19, Papers 2005.04630, arXiv.org.
3. Baker, Scott R., R.A. Farrokhnia, Steffen Meyer, Michaela Pagel and Constantine Yannelis, How Does Household Spending Respond to an Epidemic? Consumption During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic, Becker Friedman Institute Working Paper, 2020-30.
4. Brodeur, Abel, David Gray, Anik Islam and Suraiye Jabeen Bhuiyan (2020), A Literature Review of the Economics of COVID-19, IZA Discussion Paper Series, N.13411.
5. Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen, Buhan Özkan and Esra Mulazimogullari (2020), Historical Evidence for Economic Effects of COVID-19, The European Journal of Health Economics, 21, 817-823.
6. Chao, Sung-Po (2020), Simplified Model on the Timing of Easing the Lockdown, Papers 2007.14072, arXiv.org.
7. Chen, Haiqiang, Wenlan Qian and Qiang Wen (2020), The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumption: Learning from High Frequency Transaction Data, SSRN, id3568574.
8. Cullen, Maximo Torero (2020), Coronavirus Food Supply Chain Under Strain What to do?, http://www.fao.org/3/ca8308en/ca8308en.pdf, Access to Date: 24.06.2020.

9. Jung, Hojin, Minjae Park, Kihoon Hong and Eunjung Hyun (2016), The Impact of an Epidemic Outbreak on Consumer Expenditures: An Empirical Assessment for MERS Korea, Sustainability, 8(5), 1-15.
10. Kılıç, Selim (2012), Örnek Büyüklüğü, Güç Kavramları ve Örnek Büyüklüğü Hesaplaması, Journal of Mood Disorders, 2(3), 140-142.
11. Malden, Kaj and Suzanna Stephens (2020), Cascading Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China, U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Staff Research Report, April 21, 2020.
12. Martin, Amory, Maryia Markhvida, Stephane Hallegatte and Brian Walsh (2020), Socio-Economic Impacts of Covid-19 on Household Consumption and Poverty, Papers 3173111, arXiv.org.
13. McKibbin, Warwick J. and Roshen Fernando (2020a), The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 Seven Scenarios, CAMA Working Paper No. 19/2020. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3547729 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547729.
14. McKibbin, Warwick and Roshen Fernando (2020b), The Economic Impact of COVID-19, CEPR Press, London.
15. Nicola, Maria, Zaid Alsafi, Catrin Sohrabi, Ahmed Kerwan, Ahmed Al-Jabir, Christos Iosifidis, Maliha Agha and Riaz Agha (2020), The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review, International Journal of Surgey, 78, 185-193.
16. Sheth, Jagdish (2020), Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will The Old Habits Return or Die?, Journal of Business Research, 117, 280-283.
17. Soylu, Özgür Bayram (2020), Türkiye’de Pandemi Dönemi Tüketici Davranışları COVID-19, Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım, Bursa.
18. Qiu, Yun, Xi Chen and Wei Shi (2020), Impacts of Social and Economic Factors on the Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, Journal of Population Economics, 33, 1127-1172.
19. Wen, Zhang, Gu Huimin and Raphael R. Kavanaugh (2005), The Impacts of SARS on the Consumer Behaviour of Chinese Domestic Tourists, Current Issues in Tourism, 8(1), 22-38.
20. Wren-Lewis, Simon (2020), The Economic Effects of a Pandemic, CEPR Press, London.
21. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?fbclid=IwAR07FK6Jx9gcvzQXCVbfZodsjMUkby6-ozgqzA0wgQF0pQOgQ1jSM_kfBBc
22. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/salgina-karsi-dunya-hangi-onlemleri-aldi-turkiye-neler-yapti/1811298
23. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do;jsessionid=6vwLfq9Z2Ty2QG2ZmGvLN9yGnwg6rNQxZCBTmpFKNkNHvmFPTpZ4!810689693